银杏雄株叶片和花粉主要类黄酮成分含量分析

【目的】研究江苏省46个银杏实生雄株(系)叶片和花粉类黄酮化合物主要成分及其含量,为合理开发利用银杏雄株种质资源提供理论依据。【方法】运用HPLC技术分析不同株系叶片和花粉甲醇(乙醇)-盐酸水解溶液中主要黄酮苷元的含量,并采用三因子法计算总黄酮苷含量。【结果】不同银杏雄株叶片和花粉的黄酮含量存在较大差异,通过设定黄酮苷元和总黄酮含量的选择域值,发现扬州有4个品系(扬州03、04、10、20)、泰州有2个品系(泰州08、13)、徐州有2个品系(徐州04、09)符合叶用标准,扬州有10个品系(扬州02、03、04、08、09、10、12、15、18、20)符合花粉用标准。银杏雄株叶片和花粉均含有槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素3种黄酮苷元,但含量不同,叶片中三者差别不大,而花粉中以山萘酚为主,花粉总黄酮平均含量约为叶片的1.42倍。【结论】通过黄酮苷元和总黄酮含量的分析,根据设定的选择指标,可以得到优良的叶用或花粉用单株供生产利用,为银杏雄株资源的综合利用提供了参考。

Flavonoid Content of the Leaves and Pollen of Male Ginkgo biloba Plants

【Objective】 To provide a theoretical evidence for the development and utilization of Ginkgo biloba male plant germplasm resources, the major flavonoid components and content of the leaves and pollen of 46 male ginkgo plants from Jiangsu province were studied. 【Method】 The flavonoid aglycone content of the methanol (ethanol)- hydrochloric acid solution of leaves and pollen of different male strains were determined by HPLC. The flavonoid glycoside content of the samples were calculated according to the three-factor method. 【Result】 Significant differences were existed between the total flavonoid content of leaves and pollen in different male plants. Four strains from Yangzhou (Yangzhou 03, 04, 10 and 20), two strains from Taizhou (Taizhou 08 and 13) and two strains from Xuzhou (Xuzhou 04 and 09) met with the standard of leaf utilization, and ten strains from Yangzhou (Yangzhou 02, 03, 04, 08, 09, 10, 12, 15, 18 and 20) met with the standard of pollen utilization by setting the choice threshold of flavonoid aglycone and total flavonoids content. The leaves and pollen of different male ginkgo plants both contained three flavonoid aglycones (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin), but the amount of each differed between leaf and pollen. There was little difference in the content of individual flavonoid aglycones in leaves, whereas kaempferol was the main flavonoid aglycone in pollen. The average total flavonoid content of pollen was about 1.42 times that of the leaves. 【Conclusion】 According to the choice of setting targets, either the leaf or pollen of male ginkgo plants were selected for production based on the analysis of flavonoid aglycone and total flavonoid contents. The results have provided a theoretical basis for the use of male ginkgo plant resources.