垄沟集雨种植对旱作紫花苜蓿生长特性及品质的影响

 【目的】垄沟覆膜种植紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.),为年降水量250—350 mm的中国西北黄土高原区旱作紫花苜蓿的种植提供理论依据。【方法】试验设置膜垄和土垄集雨处理,垄为集雨区,沟为种植区,研究不同沟垄宽比和覆盖方式对旱作紫花苜蓿生长及其品质的影响,并确定最优的集雨处理。【结果】各指标值反映出,膜垄处理明显优于土垄处理;所有处理中以MR60(覆膜处理,沟垄宽比为60 cm﹕60 cm)表现最优,出苗率、成苗率和越冬率分别较对照(平作,CK)提高16.01%、16.03%和18.25%,生长速度和再生速度分别较CK提高65.30%、56.41%,生长高度、分枝数和干草产量分别较CK提高65.12%、29.04%和238.20%,茎叶比较CK降低22.45%,粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)和粗脂肪(crude extract,EE)含量分别较CK提高29.82%、9.31%,粗灰分(crude ash,CA)含量较CK降低14.54%,粗纤维(crude fiber,CF)含量与CK差异不显著。【结论】在试验地区及其相似地区采用垄覆膜沟覆秸秆集雨种植紫花苜蓿,可以促进苜蓿出苗和成苗,提高苜蓿越冬率,促进苜蓿生长,显著提高苜蓿干草产量的同时有效改善干草的品质,最终实现高产、优质的双重目标。

Effects of Ridge and Furrow Rainfall Harvesting on Growth Characteristics and Quality of Medicago sativa in Dryland

【Objective】 Ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system was used to plant Medicago sativa, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the planting of Medicago sativa in semiarid areas of Loess Plateau of northwestern China, where annual rainfall ranges from 250 mm to 350 mm.【Method】 The experiment was carried out in Yongdeng County, Gansu Province. Two treatments were used in the experiment: ridge membrane, rainfall harvesting area, and earth ridge, planting area, and the effect of various ridge and furrow width ratios as well as mulching methods on the growing and quality of dry farmed M. sativa were studied to select the optimum rainfall harvesting treatment. 【Result】 The results showed that ridges covered with plastic film were evidently superior to ridges compacted with soil. MR60 was found to be the best in all treatments: the emergence rate, survival rate and overwintering rate of M. sativa increased by 16.01%, 16.03% and 18.25% compared with the control group (CK), respectively. The growth rate and regeneration rate increased by 65.30% and 56.41% compared with the control group (CK), respectively. The shoot height, branches and hay yield increased by 65.12%, 29.04% and 238.20% compared with the control group (CK), respectively. The stem-leaf ratio decreased by 22.45% compared with the control group (CK). The crude protein (CP) and crude extract (EE) increased by 29.82% and 9.31% compared with the control group (CK), respectively. The crude ash (CA) decreased by 14.54% compared with control group (CK). No significant difference was found between crude fiber (CF) and the control group (CK). 【Conclusion】 Emergence rate, survival rate and overwintering rate of M. sativa increased by covering ridges with plastic film in experimental and similar areas, meanwhile, plant growth, yield and quality of hay were also significantly promoted, thus realizing the dual goals of high yield and high quality.