罗伦隐球酵母、褐腐病菌与甜樱桃果实在不同温度下的互作效应

 【目的】研究酵母拮抗菌Cryptococcus laurentii，病原菌Monilinia fructicola与甜樱桃果实在接种伤口处的互作效应。【方法】在‘先锋’甜樱桃果实伤口处分别单独接种病原菌、酵母拮抗菌以及病原菌与酵母拮抗菌共同接种，分析不同处理体系下果实的发病、酵母拮抗菌的生长动态、果实的脂质过氧化以及氧化酶与抗氧化酶活性的变化。【结果】酵母拮抗菌C. laurentii在25和1℃下均能有效抑制甜樱桃果实褐腐病M. fructicola发生。病原菌M. fructicola在接种初期刺激拮抗菌生长，而后期则抑制拮抗菌。单独接种病原菌M. fructicola或同时接种拮抗菌和病原菌均能诱导果实超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性升高并加速脂质过氧化作用。病原菌M. fructicola侵染甜樱桃果实发病后特异诱导多酚氧化酶（PPO）同工酶新酶带出现；而拮抗菌C. laurentii对甜樱桃果实的抗氧化酶体系、脂质过氧化程度以及PPO同工酶谱的作用效果相对较弱。【结论】在酵母拮抗菌C. laurentii、病原菌M. fructicola与甜樱桃果实的相互作用中，甜樱桃果实褐腐病病害发生受到抑制的主要原因是M. fructicola刺激拮抗菌的生长并诱导果实抗性相关酶活性升高。

Interaction between Cryptococcus laurentii, Monilinia fructicola and Sweet Cherry Fruit at Different Temperatures

The present study is mainly to investigate the antagonist-pathogen-host interactions in wounds of sweet cherry fruit. Antagonistic yeast Cryptococcus laurentii could significantly reduce the brown rot of sweet cherry fruit, caused by Monilinia fructicola, at 25 and 1°C. Populations of the yeast increased faster in the presence of pathogen at first, but then rapidly induced. In fruits inoculated with M. fructicola alone or combined with C. laurentii, an induction of lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and POD was observed. Isoenzyme pattern of PPO changed greatly after the symptoms developed and new PPO isoforms were induced. By contrast, the induction of lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and POD was weak and no significant change was found in PPO isoenzyms.