结球甘蓝一套初级三体的选育及细胞学鉴定

【目的】创建甘蓝初级三体是其基因染色体定位等遗传研究的基础。【方法】以结球甘蓝自交系-9601为试材，采用根尖细胞、花粉母细胞的染色体计数及核型分析等方法，从其三倍体与二倍体的回交子代中分离和鉴定初级三体。【结果】从回交子代中鉴定分离出了多个2n+1和2n+2等非整倍体植株，经核型分析、染色体联会行为及植株外部形态的观察，初步获得了结球甘蓝一套初级三体（Tr-1～Tr-9），其中从2n+1植株中得到了Tr-2、Tr-3、Tr-5、Tr-6、Tr-7、Tr-8和Tr-9初级三体，从2n+2植株中得到了Tr-1和Tr-4初级三体，各初级三体在株高、株型、叶形、花蕾大小和开花期等特征特性上表现出一定差异。【结论】三倍体与二倍体回交分离结球甘蓝初级三体是方便快捷的有效途径。

Breeding and Cytological Identification of a Set of Primary Trisomics in Cabbage

【Objective】Selection of primary trisomics of the cabbage（Brassica oleracea L. var.capitata L.）is an important foundation for the gene chromosome mapping and other genetic studies. 【Method】 The self fertilization line - 9601 of cabbage was used as material, by using analysis of the root tip cell chromosome number and pollen mother cell chromosome number identification and karyotype, the primary trisomics from the progenies of 3x × 2x in the cabbage were selected. 【Result】Many aneuploid plants with one or two extra chromosomes were obtained and a set of primary trisomics (Tr-1, Tr-2, Tr-3, Tr-4, Tr-5, Tr-6, Tr-7, Tr-8 and Tr-9 in which the Tr-1 and Tr-4 from 2n+2 plants, others from 2n+1 plants ) was acquired from the aneuploid plants. Each trisomic was with some unique characters, such as plant height, plant type, leaf type, size of flower bud and inflorescence.【Conclusion】The triploid crossing by the diploid is a convenient and effective way to select trisomics in cabbage.