在小麦叶锈病研究中小麦品种和叶锈菌相互作用的辩证分析

 本文根据我校在小麦叶锈病研究中的发现，从小麦品种和叶锈菌的相互作用，对小种鉴定和品种抗病性测定，毒性的个性和共性，毒力的强弱与小种消长的关系，毒性的专化性和寄主范围，毒性的地区性和品种的抗病性等方面作了辩证的分析。指出今后研究锈病应有群体观点，因为小麦品种和叶锈菌是以群体对群体起相互作用的。用传统的方法研究锈菌的生理分化，不仅鉴别寄主的有用性是局限的，並且同一小种的不同菌株的毒性不一定相同，任意选一菌株测定品种的抗病性，並且研究的是个体品种与个体菌株的相互作用，这种方法有很大的片面性，把在局限情况下测定的抗病品种推广到自然间锈菌群体中去，就很容易发生抗病性“丧失”问题。今后研究锈病应有生态观点，因为小麦品种锈菌及其相互作用无不受外界条件的影响。在不同生态条件下形成的锈菌群体的毒性不一定相同，培育抗病品种应注意农业生态系的特殊性。今后研究锈病还应有进化观点，因为小麦品种和锈菌是相互联系相互制约地共存和共同进化的，应该从遗传学角度来研究锈菌的适合度和小麦品种抗性的持久性。

DIAIECTICAI ANALYSIS OF HOST AND PATHOGEN INTERACTION IN THE STUDY OF LEAF RUST OF WHEAT

Based on the findings in the study of leaf rust of wheat made by the author and his colleagues, analyses have been made in race identification and evaluation of varietal resistance, the generality and individuality of virulence, virulence and its relation to prevalence, specificity of virulence and host range, regional difference in virulence and host resistance dialecticalty.The author points out that research on rust disease should have the viewpoint of population, because the host and the pathogen interact at population level. The usefulness of traditional method in studying the physiologic specialization of rust has limitation. Furthermore, the virulence of different isolates of a same race may be different. Any arbitrary choosing of an isolate for assessing varietal resistance may not be representative. Still more, the resistant cultivar found by studying the interaction of individual cultivar and individual isolate is liable to lose, its resistance after it has been released to the wild population of pathogen in nature.The author further points out that one should keep in mind the viewpoint of ecology, since the host, the pathogen, and their interaction are all bound up with ecological factors. The virulence of population of rust may be different in different regions. Attention should be paid to the speciality of agroecosystems in breeding cultivars for disease resistances.The author further suggests that research workers should also have the viewpoint of evolution, since the host and the pathogen are co-eyolved in evolution. The fitness of the pathogen should be studied from the genetic point of view in order to breed for durable resistance..