苹果纯合基因型新种质的性状鉴定与培养

【目的】苹果花药培养获得的纯合基因型株系来自不同的花粉粒,因此不同株系的植物学特征、生物学特性,以及诱导培养、生根的条件等都存在差异。本研究对不同个株系试管苗的倍性、表型特征、生根培养条件进行观察分析,选出苹果纯合基因型株系适宜的生根条件及综合性状较好的株系,加强苹果种质资源创新。【方法】采用花药培养获得的‘嘎啦’‘富士’‘红星’纯合基因型株系,利用流式细胞仪分析每个株系倍性,探索组培苗的生根培养条件,观察每个株系的根系、叶片形态特征。【结果】经苹果花药培养获得32个纯合基因型株系,其中单倍体1株、三倍体1株、四倍体3株、二倍体27株,‘红星’苹果纯合基因型株系的倍性分化率最大,为28.57%。IBA浓度影响再生株系的生根率、根长及根数,苹果纯合基因型株系的最适宜生根浓度为IBA 2—3 mg·L-1。各个株系的叶数、根长、根数、株高、叶形指数(叶长度/叶宽度)、叶柄有一定差异。‘红星’纯合基因型DH0-1、DH0-3、DH0-4、DH0-7株系,‘富士’纯合基因型DH1-3株系,‘嘎啦’纯合基因型DH2-2、DH2-4、DH2-12、DH2-20株系综合性状较好(植株高、根系长、叶数和根数多)。‘红星’纯合基因型株系的移栽成活率最高,为28.57%。【结论】苹果纯合基因型株系的主要倍性为二倍体。与二倍体株系相比,单倍体株系叶基窄、叶柄细、叶色和叶缘锯齿较浅,而多倍体株系表现为叶基更阔、叶柄较粗、叶色和叶缘锯齿变深。

Morphological Identification and Cultivation of New Germplasm of Apple Homozygous Genotypes

【Objective】Homozygous genotype lines were obtained by anther culture of different apple pollen grains, so their botanical characteristics, biological characteristics, and their induced culture, root conditions were different. In this study, the ploidy, characteristics and root conditions of each line were observed and analyzed. Appropriate rooting conditions and good combinations of lines for selecting apple homozygous genotypes are of great significance to the innovation of apple germplasm resources.【Method】The homozygous genotype lines of ‘Gala’, ‘Fuji’ and ‘Red Star’ were obtained by apple anther culture. The ploidy level of homozygous genotype lines was studied using flow cytometry, root and leaf morphology and root conditions of each line were observed and recorded. 【Result】 A total of 32 homozygous lines were obtained by apple anther culture. The results of flow cytometry showed that there were 1 haploid, 1 triploids, 3 tetraploids and 27 diploids. The ploidy rate of ''Red Star'' homozygous genotype was the highest, about 28.57%. The root rate, root length and root number of homozygous lines were affected by IBA concentration of rooting medium. When the concentration of IBA was 2-3 mg·L-1, the root features of apple homozygous lines were the best. The leaf number, root length, root number, plant height, leaf length/width and petiole length of each line were different. ‘Red Star’ homozygous genotype lines (DH2-1, DH0-3, DH0-4, DH0-7), ‘Fuji’ homozygous genotype line (DH1-3) and ‘Gala’ homozygous genotype lines (DH2-2, DH2-4, DH2- 12, DH2-20) have a good traits (plants are taller, roots are longer, and the number of roots and leaves are more). The survival rate of ‘Red Star’ homozygous genotype was the highest, about 28.57%. 【Conclusion】The main ploidy of apple homozygous genotype was diploid. Compared with the diploid lines, the haploid lines had a narrow leaf base, finer petiole, the leaf color and the leaf margin were shallow, while the polyploid lines showed wider leaf base, thicker petioles, leaf color and leaf edge serrated deep.