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麦秸还田对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响
引用本文:徐国伟,段骅,王志琴,刘立军,杨建昌.麦秸还田对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(3):934-942.
作者姓名:徐国伟  段骅  王志琴  刘立军  杨建昌
作者单位:1. 扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏,扬州,225009;河南科技大学农学院,河南,洛阳,471003
2. 扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏,扬州,225009
基金项目:国家自然科学基金,国家科技攻关项目,引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划) 
摘    要: 【目的】探讨麦秸秆还田对水稻土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响及其相互关系。【方法】粳稻扬粳9538种植于大田,进行了麦秸还田与不还田、实地氮肥管理(SSNM)和农民习惯施肥法(FFP)等处理,观察了秸秆还田后水稻不同生长阶段的土壤pH值、有机酸含量、呼吸速率、土壤酶活性及土壤离子的变化动态。【结果】秸秆的腐解高峰在水稻生长的第1个月,土壤中有机酸含量在分蘖中期及穗分化期明显上升;土壤脲酶及过氧化氢酶活性表现为先升后降,而碱性磷酸酶活性则表现为双峰曲线的变化规律。秸秆还田后土壤pH值明显降低,有机酸含量增加,并且两者之间呈极显著的负相关关系,土壤中脲酶、过氧化氢酶及碱性磷酸酶活性增强,土壤全磷、可溶性钾含量明显上升,但Na+、Mg2+及Ca2+含量降低,土壤中酶活性和离子含量的升降与土壤中秸秆的腐解有关。秸秆还田增加了水稻成熟时土壤有机质含量及呼吸强度。与实地氮肥管理(SSNM)相比,农民习惯施肥法(FFP)处理增加了土壤中脲酶活性,对其它指标无显著性影响。土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性与土壤中有机质、全氮、全磷及全钾含量呈极显著正相关,土壤过氧化氢酶及土壤有机质与全氮呈正相关,与全磷、全钾相关不显著。【结论】秸秆还田能够增强土壤有机质含量与土壤酶活性,降低土壤中Na+、Mg2+及Ca2+含量,提高土壤肥力。

关 键 词:水稻  秸秆还田  土壤  酶活性  呼吸速率  离子  有机质
收稿时间:2008-1-7

Effect of Wheat-Residue Application on Physical and Chemical Characters and Enzymatic Activities in Soil
XU Guo-wei,DUAN Hua,WANG Zhi-qin,LIU Li-jun,YANG Jian-chang.Effect of Wheat-Residue Application on Physical and Chemical Characters and Enzymatic Activities in Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(3):934-942.
Authors:XU Guo-wei  DUAN Hua  WANG Zhi-qin  LIU Li-jun  YANG Jian-chang
Institution:College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University
Abstract:【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wheat-residue application on soil physical and chemical properties and enzymatic activities in soil as well as their relations. 【Method】 A mid-season japonica rice cultivar Yangjing 9538 was grown in field. Three treatments of N-fertilizer application, farmers’ N-fertilizer practice (FFP), SSNM based on chlorophyll measurement (SPAD) readings, and no nitrogen application, and with or without wheat residue application (the straw was incorporated into soil) were conducted. Organic acid content, pH value, respiration rate, and enzymatic activity in soil were determined. 【Results】 The peak value of decomposition of wheat-residue was observed during the first month after rice transplanting. The contents of organic acids were increased significantly at mid-tillering and panicle initiation stages. Activities of urase and hydrogen peroxidase were enhanced initially and then decreased, and showed a peak value at 30 and 60 days after transplanting, and varied with development and growth stages. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in soil showed two peaks. The value of pH declined significantly, while the contents of organic acids were increased, under wheat-residue incorporation, and there was a negative correlation between them. The straw application increased the activities of urase, hydrogen peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase, organic matter content and respiration rate, while reduced ion contents of Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in soil. Increase and decrease of the enzymatic activities and ion contents were associated with the decay degree of wheat-residue. Urase activity was higher under FFP than SSNM. There was no significant difference in other measurements of soil between FFP and SSNM. Activities of urase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly correlated with organic matter content and contents of total N, P and K. Hydrogen peroxidase activity was significantly correlated with the total N content, but not significantly correlated with the contents of total P and K in soil. 【Conclusion】 The results suggest that wheat-residue application could improve soil fertility through increase of organic matter content, enhancement of activities of enzymes, and reduction of contents of Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ in soil.
Keywords:rice  wheat residue incorporation  soil  enzymatic activities  respiration rate  ion  organic matter
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