灵芝孢子粉和大豆异黄酮对文昌鸡生长性能、肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮对110~140日龄文昌鸡生长性能、肉品质与抗氧化能力的影响，试验选取540只110日龄文昌母鸡，随机分成3个处理组，每组6个重复，每个重复30只，试验周期30天，对照组饲喂基础日粮，处理组分别在基础饲粮中添加500 mg/kg灵芝孢子粉和300 mg/kg大豆异黄酮预混剂，试验期满后，测定试鸡生长性能，采集试鸡血浆、胸肌样品，测定血液与胸肌抗氧化指标、胸肌肉质性状、肉感官评定及货架期指标。结果表明，与对照组相比，1)大豆异黄酮组试鸡的生长末重与平均日增重均显著增加(P<0.05)，料重比降低(P<0.05)；2)灵芝孢子粉显著提高试鸡胸肌宰后24 h的pH(P<0.05)、降低剪切力(P<0.05)；大豆异黄酮显著降低胸肌宰后45 min的a^*值(P<0.05)，提高胸肌宰后24 h的L^*值和pH(P<0.05)；3)灵芝孢子粉组试鸡的肉汤鲜味评分显著提高(P<0.05)；4)灵芝孢子粉可显著降低文昌鸡胸肌宰后24 h的丙二醛(MDA)与宰后45 min的挥发性盐基氮含量(P<0.05)；大豆异黄酮显著降低试鸡胸肌宰后45 min和24 h的MDA含量(P<0.05)；5)饲粮添加灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮显著降低了文昌鸡血浆MDA含量(P<0.05)，灵芝孢子粉还增加了血浆谷胱甘肽含量(P<0.05)。综上，500 mg/kg灵芝孢子粉和300 mg/kg大豆异黄酮预混剂均可提高文昌鸡的抗氧化能力，改善肌肉品质。二者比较，500 mg/kg灵芝孢子粉作用更优。

Effects of spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum and soybean isoflavone on growth performance, meat quality, and antioxidant capacity of Wenchang chicken

To investigate the effects of spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum(GI)and soybean isoflavone(SI)on the growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant capacity of Wenchang Chicken, a total of 540 110-day-old Wenchang Chickens were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 6 replicates and 30 birds per replicate. The test period was 30 days. The control group was fed with basal diet, and the treatment groups were supplemented with 500 mg/kg spore powder of(GI)or 300 mg/kg(SI)in the basic diet, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the growth performace of birds was measured, and plasma and breast muscle were collected to determine the antioxidant variables, meat quality, sensory evaluation and indicators for shelf life in meat. The results showed that: 1)Compared with the control group, supplementation with SI increased the final weight and ADG of birds(P<0. 05), and decreased the feed/gain ratio(P<0. 05); 2)The spore powder of GL significantly increased pH(P<0. 05)and decreased shear force(P<0. 05)of breast muscle 24 h after slaughter; SI significantly decreased the a^* value of breast muscle 45 min after slaughter(P<0. 05)and increased the L^* value and pH of breast muscle 24 h after slaughter(P<0. 05); 3)The score of broth taste of meat in spore powder of GL group was significantly increased(P<0. 05); 4)Spore powder of GL significantly reduced the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in breast muscle 24 h after slaughter and volatitle basic nitrogen in breast muscle 45 min after slaughter(P<0. 05); SI significantly reduced the MDA content of breast muscle 45 min and 24 h after slaughter(P<0. 05); 5)The supplementation with spore powder of GL and SI significantly reduced the content of MDA in plasma of birds(P<0. 05), and spore powder of GL also increased the content of glutathione(P<0. 05). In conclusion, 500 mg/kg spore powder of GL or 300 mg/kg SI improved the antioxidant capacity and muscle quality of Wenchang Chicken. And the effects of 500 mg/kg spore powder of GL were better than 300 mg/kg SI.