不同环节农机社会化服务对粮食生产技术效率的影响——以早稻为例

为研究不同环节农机社会化服务对粮食生产技术效率的影响，基于2019年国内7个省份早稻种植户的调查数据，运用数据包络分析法的非径向SBM模型测算早稻生产技术效率，并采用Tobit模型和分位数模型分析农机社会化服务对早稻生产技术效率的影响。结果表明:从整体上看，农机社会化服务对早稻生产技术效率存在显著的正向影响。耕地、播种和植保环节农机社会化服务均对早稻生产技术效率具有正向显著影响，而灌溉排水和收获环节农机社会化服务对早稻生产技术效率则并不显著。农机社会化服务对早稻农户种植技术效率提升效果显著，但作用边际效果因原本技术效率水平差异而有所差别，这种差别也体现在各生产环节上。因此，在大力发展农机社会化服务时，应根据其不同环节特性，制定相应的政策措施。

Impact of different links of agricultural machinery socialized services on the technical efficiency of grain production: Taking early rice as an example

In order to study the impact of social services of agricultural machinery at different links on the technical efficiency of grain production, based on the survey data of early rice growers in 7 provinces in 2019, the non-radial SBM model of data envelopment analysis was used to measure the technical efficiency of early rice production. The Tobit model and quantile model were used to analyze the social technology of agricultural machinery for early rice production technology. The results showed that: Overall, the socialized service of agricultural machinery had a significant positive impact on the technical efficiency of early rice production. Cultivated land, sowing and plant protection social services of agricultural machinery all had a positive and significant impact on the technical efficiency of early rice production, while irrigation, drainage and harvesting social services of agricultural machinery displayed no significant effect on the technical efficiency of early rice production. The socialized service of agricultural machinery had a significant effect on the improvement of planting technical efficiency of early rice farmers, but the marginal effect varied according to the original level of technical efficiency of farmers. This difference was also reflected in each production link. Therefore, for vigorous development of socialized services of agricultural machinery, it is necessary to formulate corresponding policies and measures according to the characteristics of its different links.