改革以来农民住房的改善及其原因探讨——基于返乡调查数据的实证分析

不断深入的农村改革和日益强化的支农惠农政策给农民的生产生活带来了巨大的改变。为探究农民住房在改革开放以来发生的变化及其原因,依据全国14个省28个村的返乡调查数据,以2000年为界,从住房面积、类型以及建房目的、资金来源等方面将农民曾住房与现住房进行对比研究。结果表明:农民住房在改革开放至2000年和2000年之后这2个时期在建房主要目的、劳动力使用等方面存在共性,但在住房面积、建房质量、建房目的和资金来源等方面存在明显改进,改善是农民住房变化的"基本面";改善的原因包括宅基地制度改革、农民增收、劳动力转移和惠农政策等。总结改革开放以来改善农民住房的经验,未来应以不断增加农民收入、积极改善农村居住环境与强化住房相关惠农政策为主要侧重点。

Promotion of peasant housing since the reform and its reasons: An empirical analysis based on home survey data

The deepening of rural reform and the strengthening of agriculture policy has brought tremendous changes to the production and life of farmers.In order to explore changes and reasons that happened in peasant housing since the reform and opening up,comparative studies of the houses that farmers once lived and living before and after 2000 on housing area,type,purposes,sources of funding and so on were conducted according to home survey data from 28 villages in 14 provinces across the country.The result show that:Peasant housing in the two periods has the main purpose and labor invariant features in common and there are also significant improvements in housing area,building quality,purpose and sources of funds.Improving is the fundamental of the change of peasant housing;Causes of these improvements are the homestead system reform,farmers'' raising income,and labor transfer and agriculture policy.Summing up the experience of peasant housing development since the reform and opening up,in the future,the main focus needs to be gathered in the increasing of farmers'' income,the improvement of rural living environment and the strengthening of housing related policy.