华南四省区木薯施用氮磷钾肥效果分析

为解析华南四省区木薯施用氮磷钾肥效果,指导木薯合理施肥,总结分析2005—2015年华南四省区44组木薯肥料试验数据,计算推荐施肥条件下,氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)肥的增产量、增产率、肥料产量贡献率、偏生产力。得出木薯施用氮肥的增产量、增产率、产量贡献率、偏生产力均值分别为8.5t/hm~2、39.4%、24.4%、203.5kg/kg,97.7%的试验有增产效果;磷肥的对应指标均值分别为5.5t/hm~2、20.8%、13.6%、639.2kg/kg,93.2%的试验有增产效果;钾肥的对应指标均值分别为5.5t/hm~2、21.9%、16.8%、209.1kg/kg,95.5%的试验有增产效果;氮、磷、钾肥的增产效果YIE表现为YIENYIEKYIEP,偏生产力PFP为PFPPPFPKPFPN。在现有推荐施肥技术水平下,氮、磷、钾肥的平均推荐配比为W(N)∶W(P_2O)_5∶W(K_2O)=2.9∶1∶3,最高推荐施用量分别为257.4、90.0、271.4kg/hm~2。针对现存问题,提出各地区需遵循"大配方,小调整"的施肥原则,并构建木薯推荐施肥网络体系,以促进木薯高产高效施肥。

Effect of N, P and K fertilizer on cassava in four provinces of South China

In order to analyze the effect of N,P and K fertilizer on cassava in four provinces of South China and guide rational fertilization of Cassava.Forty four groups of cassava fertilizer test data in four provinces of South China from 2005 to 2015 were used to analyze the yield increased,increase rate,fertilizer contribution rate (FCR) and partial factor productivity (PFP) in the recommended fertilization condition.The mean value of increased yield,increase rate,FCR,PFP in nitrogen (N) fertilizer field experiments were 8.5 t/hm²,39.4%,24.4%,203.5 kg/kg respectively,and 97.7% of the experiments showed yield increasing.The corresponding index of phosphate (P₂O₅) fertilizer was 5.5 t/hm²,20.8%,13.6%,639.2 kg/kg,respectively,and 93.2% of the experiments showed yield increasing.The corresponding index in potassium (K₂O) fertilizer was 5.5 t/hm²,21.9%,16.8%,209.1 kg/kg,respectively,and 95.5% of the experiments showed yield increasing.The yield-increasing effect (YIE) of N,P₂O₅,and K₂O fertilizer was followed as YIE_N > YIE_K > YIE_P,and the PFP was followed as PFP_P > PFP_K > PFP_N.In the existing fertilizing recommendation technology level,the average recommended proportion was W(N):W(P₂O)₅:W(K₂O)=2.9:1:3,and the maximum amount of recommended application was 257.4,90.0,271.4 kg/hm²,respectively.In view of the existing problems,the fertilization principle of "big formula and small adjustment" was proposed and Setting up a cassava recommended fertilization system to promote high yield and high efficiency fertilizer application in cassava production was put forwarded.