河北中南部平原棉薯套作种植模式的综合效益初步评价

针对当前河北中南部平原棉花单作生产模式因光温资源利用效率低而导致经济效益低,造成农民生产积极性不高的现状,同时考虑本地区水资源严重超采与青壮年劳动力不足的实际问题,对目前正在试验研究和小面积示范的棉薯套作漫灌、棉薯套作滴灌、马铃薯-玉米复种3种新型种植模式开展了综合评价。以传统的小麦-玉米复种和棉花单作为对照,利用试验获得的数据,采用AHP法,从经济、生态和社会3个方面对5种种植模式进行综合分析评价。结果表明:棉薯套作模式具有较高的经济效益,特别是棉薯套作滴灌模式,经济效益表现最好,生态效益仅次于马铃薯-玉米复种模式,但是,社会效益在5种模式中却是最低的,指标值仅为0.068;马铃薯-玉米复种模式的生态效益和社会效益均表现最好,而经济效益指标值仅达到棉薯套作模式的35.4%。就综合效益而言,3种节水高效种植模式的综合效益均高于棉花单作和小麦-玉米复种模式,棉薯套作滴灌模式综合效益最高,比棉花单作模式综合效益指标值提高了1倍,马铃薯-玉米复种模式次之。在适当提高棉薯套作机械化水平,减少人工投入后,棉薯套作滴灌种植模式具有较好的可操作性,可以在当地推广应用。

Potato/cotton pattern preliminary evaluation of comprehensive benefit in central and southern Hebei plain

The cotton monoculture region in central and southern Hebei is of low economic efficiency due to low utilization efficiency of both light and temperature resource, leading to low production enthusiasm of the farmers.The serious exploitation of water resources and insufficient young labours in this region also prohibit the development of cotton.It is therefore important to comprehensivly evaluate the three patterns of potato/cotton flood irrigation, drip irrigation and potato-corn cropping which are extended at present.Using traditional wheat-corn cropping and cotton monoculture pattern as controls, the impacts of economy, ecology and society were evaluated with AHP method.The results showed that potato/cotton pattern, in particular, potato/cotton drip irrigation pattern had highest economic benefit, but lowests social benefit in which the index value was 0.068.Its ecological benefit was behind that of potatoe-corn cropping.The potato-corn cropping patterns had middle values in ecology and society, but the economic index value was only 35.4% of the cotton/potato pattern.The comprehensive benefit of the three kinds of water saving and efficient cultivation patterns were higher than those of cotton monoculture and wheat-corn cropping patterns, highest in potato/cotton drip irrigation pattern in which the comprehensive benefit index value doubled compared to cotton monoculture.Potatoe-corn cropping pattern was at second, just lower than potato/cotton drip irrigation pattern.It is obvious that potato/cotton intercropping pattern is suitable in this region with increasing machinery and reducing labour.