不同灌溉制度下冬小麦产量效应与耗水特征研究

研究了不同灌溉制度对冬小麦水分消耗和产量构成的影响，从产量差异的生理基础和耗水特征等方面阐述了节水高产的原因，研究表明在底墒水充足的壤土条件下，春灌二水比春灌一水增产，但春灌一水的边际效益高于春灌二水处理，春灌二水与春灌三水的产量相近，但水分利用率提高，随春季灌水量的减少，小麦生育期间的总耗水量降低，但却增加了对土壤水，尤其是土壤深层贮水的利用，如春无灌水处理的土壤耗水占到了总耗水量的84．9％，其中19．0％来自于130－200cm的深层贮水，而春灌二水处理的土壤耗水则分别为49．9％和1．9％。

Effects of Different Irrigation Systems on Winter-Wheat Yield and Water Consumption

The influence of different institutional irrigation on the wheat yield components and water use efficiency was studied, in order to improve the water saving culture system and elucidate the physiological basis of the high yield under water saving culture. The results indicated that: When the loam soil in experiment was irrigated sufficiently (75mm) before sowing, the yield of twice irrigations (150mm) in spring is higher than that of one time irrigation (75mm) but not lower than that of three time irrigations and the water marginal benefit of twice irrigations is lower than that of one time. Compared with three time irrigations in spring, water use efficiency of twice irrigations was increased. With decreasing amount of irrigation water, the total water consumption was decreased, but the soil storage water utility was increased, especially the water in deeper layer soil.