2000—2012年北京绿地生态系统服务价值时空变化规律的研究

以北京绿地生态系统作为研究对象,利用2000、2006及2012年的遥感影像数据,在GIS的支持下,对2000—2012年北京绿地生态系统服务价值的时空变化规律进行了研究,结果表明:2000、2006以及2012年北京市绿地生态系统的服务价值差异较小,生态服务价值分别为:369.03、371.86和370.85亿元。其中林地与耕地的生态服务价值占绿地生态系统服务总价值的95.27%,林地生态服务价值2000—2006年增加较显著,增幅为6.5%,2006—2012年增幅较小,增幅为0.7%;耕地生态服务价值呈逐年降低趋势,且降幅显著,2000—2006年生态服务价值降幅为21.2%,2006—2012年降幅为7.3%。2000—2006年时间段,绿地生态系统服务价值减少区域主要集中在北京市东南部的平原区域、延庆东部、怀柔中西部以及昌平西北地区,增加区域主要集中在北京北部山区和西南部山区,在延庆、怀柔以及昌平区均有分散性显著增加区域。2006—2012年时间段,北京市大部分区域绿地生态系统服务价值均呈减少趋势,增加区域相对较少且呈零星点状分布。绿地生态系统所提供的各项服务价值的大小顺序为,土壤形成与保护气体调节生物多样性水源涵养气候调节废物处理原材料食物生产娱乐文化。2000—2006年北京绿地生态服务价值增加缓慢,2006年以后呈现出下降趋势。此研究成果可对北京城市管理、规划、建设及环境保护提供科学依据。

Study on temporal and spatial variations in the ecosystem service value of Beijing greenlands from 2000 to 2012

With the aid of GIS,spatial and temporal variations in service value of the green space ecosystem in Beijing between 2000 and 2012 was studied by using data derived from years 2000,2006 and 2012.The results revealed relatively small differences in the service values among the years 2000,2006 and 2012,which were 36.903 billion,37.186 billion and 37.085 billion yuan,respectively.The combined service values of farmland and woodland ecosystems accounted for 95.27% of the total green space ecological service value.From 2000 to 2006,the value of the forest ecosystem services had increased more significantly with 6.5% increase over 2000;In contrast,the increase slowed down from 2006 to 2012 at a mere 0.7%.The value of farmland ecosystem services showed a decreasing trend and it reduced by 21.2% from 2000 to 2006 and 7.3% from 2006 to 2012.From 2000 to 2006,the decreases of the green space ecosystem service value were mostly in the southeastern plain of Beijing, eastern Yanqing district,mid-to-western Huairou district and northwest Changping district.However,the value was increased in northern mountainous area and southwestern mountainous area.And some scattered areas in Yanqing,Huairou and Changping districts also showed significant increases.Finally,the ecosystem service value of green space showed a mostly decreasing trend from 2006 to 2012,excepting a slight increase in spotted areas.The order of the values of ecosystem services provided to various aspects by Beijing green space was as following:soil formation and protection > gas regulation > biodiversity > water conservation > climate control > waste treatment > raw materials > food production > entertainment culture.This study provided a scientific basis for future urban management,planning,construction and environmental protection in Beijing.