棘孢木霉菌剂对黄瓜生理特性及产质量的影响

为改善黄瓜生理特性,保证其高产栽培,利用苗期和成株期盆栽试验,以无菌水为对照,分别施入10~3、10~4、10~5、10~6和10~7 cfu/g棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)菌剂,测定不同菌剂施用量后的黄瓜幼苗形态建成、生理指标、质量和产量性状。结果表明:棘孢木霉菌剂不同施用量均能有效提高幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、全株鲜重、全株干重、根冠比和壮苗指数,其中10~6 cfu/g棘孢木霉菌剂处理对黄瓜幼苗形态建成和物质积累的促进效果最好;棘孢木霉菌剂不同施用量均能改善黄瓜幼苗的生理特性,其中10~6 cfu/g棘孢木霉菌剂处理对黄瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、根系活力、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量的促进效果最好;同时,棘孢木霉菌剂不同施用量均能促进黄瓜品质和产量形成,其中10~6 cfu/g棘孢木霉菌剂处理对黄瓜品质和产量促进效果最好,黄瓜果实可溶性糖、维生素C、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物含量和果实产量分别比CK提高了78.43%、31.55%、38.47%、8.63%和26.20%。综上,棘孢木霉菌剂通过改善黄瓜幼苗生理特性,促进幼苗生长,提高了黄瓜产量和品质性状,以10~6 cfu/g棘孢木霉菌剂应用效果最好,研究成果可为木霉菌剂的开发利用和黄瓜的优质栽培提供技术支撑。

Effects of Trichoderma asperellum agents on physiological characteristics, yield and quality of cucumber

In order to improve the physiological characteristics of cucumber, and ensure its high-yield cultivation, pot experiments were conducted at seedling and adult plant stages. Using sterile water as control, 10³, 10⁴, 10⁵, 10⁶ and 10⁷ CFU/g of Trichoderma asperellum agents were respectively applied. The effects of different T. asperellum agents application amounts on the morphological formation, physiological indexes of cucumber seedlings, quality and yield traits were monitored. The results showed that: Application of T. asperellum agents effectively improved the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, fresh weight of whole plant, dry weight of whole plant, root shoot ratio and strong seedling index of cucumber seedlings. The treatment of 10⁶ CFU/g had the best promoting effect on the morphological formation and material accumulation of cucumber seedlings. Application of T. asperellum agents improved the physiological characteristics of cucumber seedlings including chlorophyll content, root activity, nitrate nitrogen content, nitrate reductase activity, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content. Application of T. asperellum agents also improved the formation of cucumber quality and yield, and the treatment of 10⁶ CFU/g T. asperellum agents had the best promoting effect on the formation of cucumber quality and the yield, soluble sugar, vitamin C, soluble protein, soluble solid and yield of cucumber fruit increased by 78. 43%, 31. 55%, 38. 47%, 8. 63% and 26. 20%, respectively, compared with CK under 10⁶ CFU/g T. asperellum agents. In conclusion, T. asperellum agents can improve the physiological characteristics of cucumber seedlings, promote the growth of seedlings, increase the yield and qualities of cucumber fruit, and the 10⁶ CFU/g of T. asperellum agents is the most effective. This study provides technical references for the development and utilization of T. agents and the high quality cultivation of cucumber.