基于农田土壤抗生素生态风险值的畜禽粪污农田承载力估算

针对有机肥施用中,畜禽粪便中抗生素造成农田土壤生态风险的问题,对抗生素在养殖业-种植业生产系统中的流动与降解过程进行分析,建立基于农田土壤抗生素生态风险值的畜禽粪污农田承载力估算模型,以黑龙江农垦和新疆生产建设兵团的养殖业-种植业生产系统为研究对象,计算获得相应的畜禽粪污农田承载力。结果表明:1)黑龙江农垦和新疆生产建设兵团每hm2农田可承载的猪当量分别为58和66头。2)在畜禽粪便有机肥施用过程中,黑龙江农垦和新疆生产建设兵团农田土壤抗生素生态风险防范应以磺胺嘧啶和恩诺沙星等高生态风险抗生素为主。建议黑龙江农垦和新疆生产建设兵团未来设立地方标准,严控畜禽粪便中抗生素残留量,尤其高生态风险的抗生素种类;增强畜禽舍的环境调控,保障动物生长环境健康;优选畜禽粪便处理工艺,配套处理设施设备。

Estimation on farmland carrying capacity for livestock and poultry manure based on farmland soil antibiotics ecological risk values

Aiming at the problem of farmland soil antibiotics ecological risk caused by livestock and poultry manure during manure application, the flow of antibiotics in the crop-farm animal production system was analyzed. Based on farmland soil antibiotics ecological risk values, an estimation model on farmland carrying capacity for livestock and poultry manure was established. The crop-farm animal production systems in Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area(HLRA)and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC)were selected as the study object. The corresponding farmland carrying capacity for livestock and poultry manure was calculated and obtained. The results showed that: 1)The carrying capacities of swine equivalent in HLRA and XPCC were 58 and 66, respectively. 2)Sulfadiazine(SD)and enrofloxacin(ENR)should be taken into account firstly to prevent farmland soil antibiotics'' ecological risk in HLRA and XPCC during the manure application. Therefore, local standards were established to control antibiotics in manure, especially high ecological risk antibiotics. Secondly, to ensure the livestock''s healthy growth, it was recommended to pay attention to the environmental regulation of breeding houses. Finally, the manure treatment techniques needed to be optimized and related equipment were needed.