生产函数异质性与地区农业经济增长——基于时空异质弹性生产函数模型

利用改革开放以来中国31个省(市、自治区,统计数据未含港、澳、台地区,下同)农业要素投入产出数据,基于农业要素收入份额存在较大差异的基本国情,从时间和空间维度放宽传统Cobb-Douglas生产函数模型产出弹性为固定常数的假定,通过构建时空异质弹性生产函数模型对改革开放以来中国不同地区、不同阶段农业要素投入、技术进步与经济增长的关系进行探究。结果表明:1978—2017年,中国农业要素投入呈现出劳动力减少、资本存量增加、资本深化程度不断提高的特点,不同地区农业要素投入存在明显空间异质性;反映技术进步的全要素生产率在改革开放初期较快增长,近年来增速明显下滑,东部地区全要素生产率年均增速达到2.4%,高于中部地区的1.6%和西部地区的1.6%。中国农业经济增长的时空差异性要求未来在农业经济高质量发展过程中,需要更注重地区农业比较优势的发挥,在推进农业资本深化的同时,从基础设施和制度安排出发加快农业全要素生产率增长。

Heterogeneity of production function and regional agricultural economic growth: An empirical study based on the spatio-temporal heterogeneous elasticity production function model

Based on the fact that the share of agricultural factor income is quite different across space and time, a spatio-temporal heterogeneous elasticity production function model was adopted to analyze the relationship among the input of agricultural factors, technological progress and economic growth in different regions in China since the reform and opening up using input and output data of agricultural key factors in 31 provinces in China(The data do not include those of Hong Kong Macao and Taiwan regions). The results demonstrate: The agricultural factor input was featured by a reduction in labor force and increase in capital stock, and there were obvious spatial heterogeneities in the input of agricultural factors among different regions. The total factor productivity(TFP)increased rapidly in the early stages of reform and opening up, and the growth rate declined significantly in recent years. The average annual growth rate of TFP reached 2. 4% in East China, higher than 1. 6% in Central China and 1. 6% in West China. In conclusion, the spatial and temporal difference in the Chinese agricultural production mode requires that more attention be paid to the development of regional agricultural comparative advantage in the future. While promoting the deepening of agricultural capital, the growth of agricultural total factor productivity from the perspective of infrastructure and institutional design should be accelerated.