玉米种肥同穴与膜下滴灌一体机的设计与试验

针对河西灌区玉米种植过程中水肥利用率及播种效率低下的问题,设计一种玉米种肥同穴与膜下滴灌一体播种机。该机具由有机肥排肥装置、滴灌铺设装置、地膜铺设装置、排沙装置、膜上覆土装置和播种装置等6部分组成。根据农艺种植要求对机具的关键装置进行理论分析,确定正常工作时机具匹配的施肥装置、播种装置和覆沙装置的合理容积;确定穴播器和排肥器的外形尺寸;通过Adams分析软件验证了机具种肥同穴的可行性。田间试验结果表明:机具前进速度为0.55m/s时,空穴率为0.9%、穴粒数合格率92.3%、膜下播种深度合格率97.8%。样机能够一次性完成施肥、滴灌带铺设、覆膜、覆沙、播种、覆土等工序,实现了旱区玉米的种肥同穴与膜下滴灌的栽培且满足覆膜穴播机技术要求。

Design and experiment of an all-in-one machine for corn seed fertilizer and drip irrigation under film

In order to solve the problems of low water and fertilizer utilization rate and sowing efficiency in corn planting in Hexi irrigation area, a type of seed and fertilizer seeder integrated with drip irrigation under film was designed. This machine is composed of organic fertilizer discharging device, drip irrigation laying device, mulching film laying device, sand discharging device, soil covering device on film and seeding device. According to the agronomy planting requirements, the key devices of the machine and tools were theoretically analyzed to determine the reasonable volume of fertilization device, seeding device and sand covering device matched with the machine and tools in normal operation, and the dimensions of the hill-seeder and the fertilizer extractor. ADAMS analysis software was used to verify the feasibility of the same hole with seed fertilizer. The field test results showed that the hole rate was 0. 9%, the qualified rate of hole number was 92. 3%, and the qualified rate of sowing depth under film was 97. 8% when the machine moving speed was 0. 55 m/s. In conclusion, the prototype can complete fertilization, laying of drip irrigation belt, film mulching, sand mulching, sowing, soil mulching and other processes at one time, which realizes the cultivation of maize seed fertilizer in the same hole and drip irrigation under film in arid area and meets the technical requirements of film mulching hill-seeder.