农田生态系统健康评价指标体系的探讨

生态系统健康是近十余年来新出现的极具潜力的研究领域，它是生态系统服务的基础，是环境管理的新目标和新手段。农田生态系统是典型人工生态系统，其健康状态要求达到管理科学、结构合理、环境有利、具有高生产力和强持续力，融入自然生态系统的物质、能量循环，为人类社会提供健康、安全、优质、多样的食物原料．恰当、有效地现实其服务功能。评价农田生态系统的健康，要求根据设定的管理目标进行微观与宏观相结合的综合评价。指标的选择需要全面考虑生态环境、社会经济和人类健康等因素。评价指标标准的划分应采用国际标准和通用方法。笔者在探讨了以上农田生态系统健康概念架构与基本属性的基础上，寻求对其进行整体性评价的适宜指标。利用层次分析法，将评价目的设定为实现可持续的健康高效农田生态系统，以结构指标、环境指标、生产力指标、持续力指标和管理指标建立起农田生态系统健康评价指标体系．并给出了评价指标标准。

Discussion on indicator system of farmland ecosystem health assessment

Ecosystem health is a newly emerged field with great potential, and the basis for ecosystem service and the new aim and new method of ecosystem management. Farmland ecosystem is a typical man-made ecosystem, and a healthy farmland requires a scientific management, rational structure, environment-friendly, high productivity and high sustainability, as well as the integration of nature's material and energy cycling, supply of healthy, safe, high quality and various food source to human society, and correct and effective service functioning. The farmland ecosystem health assessment should be assessed with integrated measures, with macroscopic and microscopic studies based on the designed management objectives. The eco-environment factors, social economy factors and human health factors should be considered when we choose the parameter. At the same time, the international criteria and widely accepted methods should be applied in the standard classification of parameter. Based on the concept framework and basic property of farmland ecosystem that has been mentioned above, this paper try to find the suitable parameter which can synthetically assess farmland health. With Analytical Hierarchy Process, the present study regarded the assessment aim as the realization of sustainable, healthy and high efficient farmland ecosystem, and established a set of parameter for farmland ecosystem health assessment, including structural parameter, environmental parameter, productive parameter, sustained parameter and management parameter. Moreover, the standard classification of indicator system was given in this paper.