用遗传标记混合花粉估计玉米杂交当代优势和油分花粉直感效应

通过混合不同遗传票房花粉授粉法，探讨玉米杂交当代籽粒优势和高油玉米油分直感效应。对普通自交系与高油自交系和普通杂交种与高油杂交种２套材料的试验结果表明，杂交当代籽粒均存在杂种优势，杂交籽粒重增加幅度因组合而异。自交系间杂交籽粒重比母本自交粒平均增加约１０％，杂交种再杂交粒重平均增加２．９７％￣４．６８％，自交系和单交种的同一母本分别与普通玉米杂交和高油玉米杂交，杂交籽粒百粒重平均相差０．５ｇ，杂交籽粒含油量均增加。普通玉米间杂交籽粒含油量增加有超亲现象，普通玉米做母本和高油玉米杂交，籽料含油量增加，但无超亲现象，是高油玉米油分基因花粉感效应所致。估计出杂交当代玉米含油量的花粉直感效应值为０．３５。

Utilizing Genetic Markers Mixing-Pollen to Estimate Heterosis Value and Xenia Effect Value of High Oil Corn

By mixing corn pollen, which has different kernel genetic markers, we got different genotype kernels on an ear, including self and cross fertilized kernels, to estimate the heterosis value of the F 1 embryo stage and xenia effect value of oil content. From a series of crosses of high and normal oil corn inbreds and single hybrids, it was found that there was heterosis of cross fertilized kernel on the same female parent, and the increased range of cross fertilized kernel weight varied with different crosses. For inbreds, the average F 1 kernel weights were 10% higher than that of the female selfed. The average F 1 kernel weight of single hybrid re crossed grain were 2.97%~4.68% higher than that of the female selfed. On the same female for inbreds and hybrids, the grain weight difference of two kinds of cross fertilized kernel, which were crossed with normal oil and high oil corn, was about 0.5g. It is believed that the high oil corn have different genetic background compared with the normal oil corn. The oil content of some of cross fertilized kernel between normal oil corn was higher than that of their parents. The oil content of cross fertilized kernel between normal oil and high oil corn increased, but did not exceed their parents, which was caused by xenia effects of high oil gene. The xenia effect value of oil content was estimated to be 0.35.