基于SRAP分子标记的春大豆杂交种核心亲本杂种优势群划分

为明确杂交大豆核心亲本的遗传多样性特点及群体结构特征，以来源中国东北和国外的100份杂交大豆核心亲本为材料，通过SRAP分子标记多态性分析和UPGMA聚类分析等方法进行聚类分析。结果表明:1)SRAP标记共扩增出2 135条条带，其中多态性条带2 130条，多态性位点占比99.76%，每对引物组合扩增出的多态性谱带数为137~204条，平均为178条，引物的多态性信息含量范围在0.074 0~0.153 7，平均值为0.125 7；2)根据遗传相似系数于0.450 0处划分为2个类群，在遗传相似系数0.460 0处将类群Ⅰ划分2个亚群，又在遗传相似系数0.480 0处将类群Ⅱ划分2个亚群，并将主要来源于中国东北的保持系材料划分为类群Ⅰ，主要来源于美国的恢复系材料划分为类群Ⅱ；3)通过对10个已审定强优势杂交种的13个亲本进行分析发现，杂交种亲本间的遗传相似性多分布在0.329 2~0.637 6；4)通过遗传多样性分析发现，类群I与类群Ⅱ内遗传多样性相似，4个亚群中的亚群Ⅰ-1和Ⅱ-2遗传多样性均大于亚群Ⅰ-2和Ⅱ-1；通过主坐标分析，亲本同样被划分为2个类群，验证了聚类分析的结果。综上，基于SRAP分子标记成功将100份春大豆杂交种核心亲本划分为两大类群；其中，类群Ⅰ的中国东北材料与类群Ⅱ的国外材料之间杂交配制组合存在较强的杂种优势。

Division of the heterotic groups of core parents in spring soybean hybrids based on SRAP molecular markers

In order to divide soybean heterotic groups and effectively guide parent improvement and reasonable combination, 100 core parents of hybrid soybean from Northeast China and abroad were divided into heterotic groups by SRAP molecular marker polymorphism and UPGMA cluster analysis. The results showed that: 1)A total of 2 135 bands were amplified by SRAP markers, among which there were 2 130 polymorphic bands. The percentage of polymorphic sites was 99. 76%. The number of polymorphic bands amplified by each primer combination was 137 to 204, with an average of 178. The polymorphic information content of the primers ranged from 0. 074 0 to 0. 153 7, with an average of 0. 125 7; 2)According to the genetic similarity coefficient 0. 450 0, the group I is divided into two subgroups, and group II is divided into two subgroups at the genetic similarity coefficient 0. 460 0. The maintainer line, which is mainly from Northeast China, is divided into group I, and the restorer line, which is mainly from the United States, is divided into group II; 3)Through the analysis of 13 parents of 10 approved strong heterosis hybrids, it was found that the genetic similarity between parents of hybrids was mostly 0. 329 2 to 0. 637 6; 4)The genetic diversity analysis of parent materials in different groups showed that the genetic diversity in group I and group II was similar, and the genetic diversity of subgroup I-1 and II-2 in the four subgroups was greater than that of subgroup I-2 and II-1; the results of principal coordinate analysis showed that there was a gap in genetic lineage between the two groups, and the genetic resources of group I were more abundant. To sum up, this study successfully divided the one hundred core parents of spring soybean hybrids into two heterotic groups based on SRAP molecular markers. Through intra-group analysis and inter-group validation of the parents of the approved hybrids, it was confirmed that there was a strong heterosis between the cross between group I Northeast China materials and group II foreign materials.