驴乳与其他乳营养物质组分差异分析及其开发展望

为比较驴乳与马乳、人乳、牛乳及羊乳营养物质组分差异，并了解驴乳目前的开发现状，本研究整理了相关文献并进行总结分析。结果表明:1)驴乳与人乳最接近。相对于牛乳和羊乳，驴乳具有高乳糖、低乳蛋白、低乳脂、钙磷比平衡、V_C和V_D丰富的特点。溶菌酶含量高是驴乳最大的特点。驴乳中乳清蛋白比例高，且富含对人体有益的n3-PUFA与n6-PUFA。驴乳与马乳较为相近，最大差异在于驴乳蛋白质含量更低，更接近于人乳。而与人乳相比，驴乳最大的不同则在于其更低的乳脂含量。2)驴乳具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、防治心血管疾病等生物活性，同时具备良好的加工特性，在各国各民族历史中广泛使用，在民间医用盛行，具有广阔的应用价值和市场潜力。然而，驴乳开发在技术、规模、市场上仍有许多不足，有广泛的发展空间。实现产业规模化，扩大饲养量，提高泌乳量以及尽早地建立健全行业标准是实现驴乳市场潜力需要考虑和解决的问题。综上，驴乳具有很高的营养价值且生物活性丰富，其市场潜力巨大然而发展相对滞后，其研究、开发与推广有待加强。

Differences analysis of the nutritional components between donkey milk and other milk and its development prospect

In order to compare the differences in the nutrient composition characteristics of donkey milk, horse milk, human milk, cow milk and goat milk, and understand the current development status of donkey milk, this paper collated relevant literature and made a summary and analysis. The results show that: 1)Donkey milk is the closest to human milk. Compared with cow and goat milk, donkey milk has the characteristics of high lactose, low protein, low fat, balanced calcium to phosphorus ratio, rich VC and VD. High lysozyme content is the greatest feature of donkey milk. Donkey milk has a high proportion of whey protein and it is rich in n3-PUFA and n6-PUFA, which are beneficial to the human body. Donkey milk is similar to horse milk, however, donkey milk has lower protein content and is closer to human milk. Compared with human milk, donkey milk has a lower fat content. 2)Donkey milk has biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, etc. At the same time, it has good processing characteristics and is widely used in the history of various countries. Donkey milk has broad application value and market potential. However, there are still deficiencies in the technology, scale and market of donkey milk development, and there is a wide space for development. Realizing the scale of the industry, expanding the feeding volume, increasing the milk production and establishing and improving the industry standards as soon as possible are the problems that need to be considered and solved to realize the potential of the donkey milk market. To sum up, donkey milk has high nutritional value and rich biological activity. Its market potential is huge but its development is relatively lagging behind, and its research, development and promotion need to be strengthened.