温室穴盘苗移栽机械研究现状及问题分析

为帮助科研人员开阔移栽机械研发思路，系统了解温室穴盘苗移栽机的研究现状和存在问题，从而查漏补缺，着力提升我国温室钵苗机械化移栽水平。采用文献综述和归纳总结的方法，对国内外温室穴盘苗移栽现状和代表性装备进行对比，同时对穴盘苗移栽关键技术部件研究进展进行梳理。结果表明:当前我国穴盘苗移栽领域相关标准缺失引起的栽培模式、装备作业评价标准等因素的不确定性，导致移栽机研发难以为继；已有装备功能单调，智能化程度低，无法自动完成钵苗质量检测、分级、计数、补苗等一机多用功能；移栽机设计缺乏整体布局规划和移栽策略、工艺流程优化，致使机器体积庞大，适用性不强。针对上述问题提出以下建议:尽快制定温室穴盘苗移栽标准，规范行业发展；加速以机器视觉技术为代表的高新技术应用，提升机器功能和智能化程度；加强移栽机整体设计和作业流程优化。

Research status and problem analysis of plug seedling transplanter in greenhouse

The aims of this study were to help researchers to broaden the ideas of plug seedling transplanters development, allow practitioners in this field to understand the research status and existing problems of greenhouse plug seedling transplanters in a timely and comprehensive manner, fill technical vacancies and improve China''s plug seedlings mechanized transplanting level. Through using the method of literature summarization, this study compared the current plug seedling transplanting situation and representative equipment at home and abroad and analyzed the research progress of crucial technical and component design of plug seedling transplanter. The results show that: The uncertainty of cultivation mode, equipment application quality evaluation, and other factors caused by the lack of standards for plug seedling transplanting makes it hard to develop new transplanting machines. In addition, the functions of the existing transplanters are monotonous, and they are not smart enough to automatically carry out the multi-functions such as quality inspection, grading, counting, and seedling replenishment. There is a lack of overall layout planning, transplanting strategy and process optimization in transplanting machines design, resulting in the large size of the machine and poor applicability. In view of the problems mentioned above, in order to promote this industry development regularly, the following suggestions are put forward: The standards for greenhouse plug seedlings transplanting should be introduced as soon as possible, New technology such as machine vision needs to be applied in transplanters, machine functions and intelligence need to be improved, and the overall design of the transplanter must be strengthened and the operation process is optimized.