基于谷子种质资源表型性状构建骨干种质库

为高效发掘和利用谷子种质资源，以调查收集的1 237份谷子资源的19个数量和质量性状数据为依据，按地理生态区和穗形分组，采用UPGMA聚类分析和类内随机取样方法，筛选谷子骨干种质；通过极差、表型保留比例等对谷子骨干种质的代表性进行评价；主成分分析和直方图对谷子骨干种质进行确认。结果表明，构建的骨干种质118份，占全部种质的9.9%，包括国外品种20份(17.09%)、农家品种56份(47.86%)、野生品种5份(4.28%)、育成品种36份(30.77%)，符合取样比例范围。显著性分析结果表明，谷子骨干种质与全部种质之间表型性状、变异系数、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数的差异均不显著(P>0.05)，且骨干种质保留了全部种质的分布范围、表型保留比例；相关性分析表明，骨干种质和全部种质的叶面积与草重、单株穗重、单株穗粒重均表现为极显著正相关，二者具有一致的遗传结构和分布频率。综上，本研究构建的谷子骨干种质能代表全部种质的遗传变异和群体结构，减小了全部种质中的遗传群体，可用于谷子资源评价和新品种培育。

Construction of backbone germplasm bank based on the phenotypic traits of foxtail millet

In order to efficiently explore and utilize foxtail millet germplasm resources, based on the nineteen quantitative and qualitative trait data of 1 237 foxtail millet resources collected by investigation, the foxtail millet resources were grouped by geographical ecological region and panicle type. UPGMA cluster analysis and intra-class random sampling method were used in this study to identifying foxtail millet backbone germplasm. The representativeness of foxtail millet backbone germplasm was evaluated by range, phenotypic retention ratio and phenotypic correlation. The principal component analysis and histogram were used to confirm the foxtail millet backbone germplasm identified. The results showed that: A total of 118 backbone germplasms were identified, accounting for 9. 9% of the total resources, including 20 foreign varieties(17. 09%), 56 farm varieties(47. 86%), 5 wild varieties(4. 28%), and 36 bred varieties(30. 77%). The results of significance analysis showed that the mean value, coefficient of variation and Shannon-Weaver diversity index of phenotypic traits of foxtail millet backbone germplasm were not significantly different from resources(P>0. 05), and the distribution range and phenotype retention ratio of all resources were retained. The correlations between phenotypic traits and phenotypic traits displayed the same genetic structure and distribution frequency. In conclusion, the backbone germplasm bank constructed in this study can represent the genetic variation and population structure of all resources, reduce the genetic population in all resources, and can be used in evaluation of foxtail millet resources and cultivation of new varieties.