害虫及螨对阿维菌素(avermectins)的抗药性发展及治理策略探讨

Avermectins是一类新型的高效广谱的抗生素类农药，对多种害虫及害螨具有极好的防效。本文简要综述了家蝇、马铃薯甲虫、二斑叶螨等对avermectins的抗药性发展状况及其抗性机制。研究表明，家蝇对avermectins的抗性主要与表皮穿透性降低有关，马铃薯甲虫对avermectins的抗性主要与多功能氧化酶的活性增强有关，二斑叶螨对avermectins的抗性与其对药剂的排泄能力、代谢能力以及轭合作用增强有关。文章还讨论了avermectins抗药性的治理策略。

Pest Resistance to Avermectins and Its Management

The avermectins are a novel class of natural compounds that have extensive andhigh effect on many kinds of pest and mite. In this paper, the resistance of house fly, Col-orado potato beetle and two-spotted spider mite to avermectins and its mechanisms were re-viewed. Studies suggested that, the resistance of house fly was involved in decreased cuticu-lar penetration and reduced target-site density, and that of the two-spotted spider mite mayresult from an increase in the excretion along with high metabolism or conjugation of the re-tained abamectin. While to Colorado potato beetle, monooxygenase-based oxidativemetabolism was primarily responsible for the resistance. Strategies for resistance manage-ment of avermectins were also in discussion.