改革开放中的中国园艺科技

我国发展园艺产业的自然资源和劳动力资源优势明显，有利于我国在国际上的竞争。尤其改革开放以来，园艺产业发生了跨跃式变化。园艺产品的营销体制向市场机制的根本性转化，使园艺产业充满了生机和活力，拉动了其产业发展，中国园艺作物的生产规模和产量的份额在国内农业经济和国际园艺产业中有明显优势；园艺业是劳动力和技术密集型产业。可以消化大量农村劳动力，可提高农民素质和农民收入，对解决我国三农问题起了重要作用。政府重视园艺产业的发展，科技投入大幅度增加、科教力量比较完善实力雄厚，保证了园艺科学研究和人才培养。近年园艺作物的科研取得重要成绩：种质资源、引种及遗传育种的成果已直接在生产上开发应用，设施栽培和采后技术对增产增收增加产品附加值的贡献大幅度提高，先进的生物技术提高了基础研究水平并获得了育种和繁殖技术的成效。加入世界贸易组织以来，我国园艺产业对科技和教育提出更高要求：注重营养品质和商品品质的培育，注意优质、无公害生产过程有利于生态环境和生产持续发展，提高和健全园艺产品的品质检测技术体系，以稳步提高我国园艺产品的卫生安全和出口能力，以园艺科技的发展促进园艺产业向规模化、集约化、专业化、标准化的现代管理模式过渡，等等。

An overview of China's horticulture science and technology since its implementation of economic reform and opening policies

In this article, the progress achieved in the development of China's horticulture science and technology is reviewed since its implementation of economic reform and opening policies. It indicated that horticulture production in China has distinct advantages in domestic agricultural economy and world horticulture industry due to the development of advanced biological science and technology, greenhouse production technology, post harvest technology and dynamic marketing system. The development prospect and trend for horticulture science and technology are discussed. Some suggestions are proposed including important roles of science and technology, and education in horticulture industry, modern management models for horticulture industry, etc.