河套灌区地膜春小麦适宜播种量研究

为促进河套灌区地膜春小麦生产并实现精量播种,设置不同的穴播量,监测露地直播春小麦(对照)和地膜覆盖穴播春小麦的生长性状和经济性状。结果表明:地膜覆盖春小麦较露地直播的早出苗7 d,早分蘖5 d,早抽穗5 d,早成熟4 d。地膜覆盖春小麦的分蘖力高于露地直播,但分蘖成穗力则与露地直播的基本一致。与露地直播春小麦相比,地膜覆盖春小麦的株高较高,茎秆较粗,单茎生物量较高,根系分布较浅。地膜覆盖春小麦的单茎根系生物量在扬花期前高于露地直播,扬花期后则低于露地直播。地膜覆盖春小麦的单穴茎数、单穴生物量及单穴根系生物量高于露地直播,但根冠比却低于露地直播。露地直播春小麦以穴播14粒的产量最高,地膜覆盖的以穴播12粒的产量最高。相同穴播量下地膜覆盖春小麦的产量高于露地直播,千粒重和经济系数则低于露地直播。河套灌区地膜覆盖春小麦的适宜穴播量为10～12粒,即为常规露地条播量的70%～84%。

Research on suitable seeding rate of spring wheat with film mulching in Hetao irrigated area

In order to promote the production of spring wheat with film mulching and realize precision seeding, different hole sowing rates (8,10,12,14 and 16 seeds,respectively) of spring wheat with film mulching and in open fields (control) were used in this study.The growth of spring wheat with plastic film mulching was monitored in Hetao irrigation area.The results showed that:At the emergence stage,tillering stage,head stage and maturity stage,spring wheat with plastic film mulching appeared 7,5,5 and 4 d earlier than those of spring wheat in open fields,respectively.The tillering ability of spring wheat with film mulching was higher,but the ability of spike formation from tiller was basically the same as those spring wheat in open fields.Compared with spring wheat in open fields,spring wheat with film mulching had higher plant height,thicker stem,higher biomass of single stem and shallower roots distribution.The roots biomass of single stem of spring wheat with film mulching was higher before flowering stage and lower than those spring wheat in open fields after flowering stage.The stem numbers,above ground biomass and roots biomass of single hole of spring wheat with film mulching were higher,but the root and shoot ratio was less than those spring wheat in open fields.The highest yields in open fields was hole sowing rate by 14 seeds,and the highest yields in film mulched fields was hole sowing rate by 12 seeds.The yields of spring wheat with film mulching were higher,but the thousand grain weight and economic coefficient were lower than those in the open fields with the same hole sowing rate.In conclusion,the suitable hole sowing rate of spring wheat with plastic film mulching should be 10 to 12 seeds,i.e.quantity 70%~84% with conventional sowing in drill in open fields in Hetao irrigation area.