山地拖拉机调平系统的研究现状及发展趋势

采用理论分析和文献综述相结合的方法,对国内外拖拉机车身调平系统的现状进行研究;从拖拉机后悬挂技术、机具调平坡地自适应技术2个方面对文献知识进行梳理和归纳。结果表明:1)利用拖拉机调平系统能使拖拉机在车身遇到颠簸或倾斜时调整至水平状态,能确保驾驶员的安全和舒适;在山地复杂多变和高低起伏环境下,拖拉机在山地作业的稳定性和通过性与车身自动调平程度密切相关;2)悬挂机构对拖拉机车身调平及后悬挂机具调平起着至关重要的连接作用,悬挂机构的技术结构直接影响了拖拉机车身调平及后悬挂技术研究的发展程度;3)对悬挂机具在坡地等高作业及耕作自适应等关键技术的研究,是整个山地拖拉机调平系统研究的关键问题。针对山地复杂地形和作业质量要求,提出如下发展策略:在搭建山地拖拉机车身调平系统和优化悬挂机构的基础之上,全面研究山地拖拉机后悬挂技术和机具调平坡地自适应技术;在保障山地作业质量和作业效率的前提下,进一步深入研究山地拖拉机车身与悬挂机具协调自适应技术,实现山地拖拉机悬挂机具对坡地的仿形作业,是山地拖拉机自动调平系统的主要发展方向。

Research status and development trend of hilly mountain tractor leveling system

Firstly, by combining theoretical analysis with literature review, the current research of tractor body leveling system at home and abroad is studied. Secondly, the literatures are summarized and classified from two aspects, tractor rear suspension technology and the adaptive technique of leveling slope. The results show that:1) The tractor leveling system can adjust the tractor to the horizontal state when the body is bumpy or tilted, which ensures driving safety and comfort; the operation stability and traffic ability are closely related to the degree of the automatic leveling when tractors operate on hilly areas.2) The suspension mechanism plays a crucial role in the tractor leveling system and the rear suspension implements leveling system, the technical structure of suspension mechanism impacts the research of the body leveling system and rear suspension technology directly. 3) The key issue of the tractor leveling system research is the research on tractor rear suspension technology and equipment leveling slope adaptive technology. Finally, it is proposed that the research of tractor rear suspension technology and equipment leveling slope adaptive technology should be based on building tractor leveling system and optimizing suspension mechanism. Under the premise of tractor operation quality and efficiency on hilly areas, the research on tractor body leveling system and rear suspension implements leveling system, which realizes the suspension implements'' trailing operation to hilly land, will be the main research trend of tractor automatic leveling system.