544份水稻种质稻瘟病抗性鉴定及抗性基因的分布研究

采用苗期喷雾接种鉴定方法并结合10个主效抗性基因的特异性分子标记检测,分析544份水稻种质资源的稻瘟病抗性水平及其携带的抗性基因分布情况。结果表明:稻瘟病抗性水平达高抗、抗、中抗、中感、感及高感的材料分别为25、50、78、152、156和83份;10个分子标记对应的抗病基因在供试材料中均被检测到,含有2和3个抗性基因的材料分别为4和17份(占0.7%和3.1%),476份材料含有4~6个抗性基因(占87.5%),47份材料含有7个抗性基因(占8.6%);品种抗病反应与其抗病基因种类密切相关,Pi5、Pita、Pi9、Pib等4个基因对6个强致病鉴定小种抗性表现较好。隆粳968、秀水134、嘉58、津稻263、淮稻20号、盐稻10号、谷梅4号等品种含有多个主效抗病基因,连续多年达到高抗水平。利用分子标记辅助选择将不同来源的主效抗病基因聚合到同一品种中,是控制该病害最经济有效的途径。

Evaluation and distribution of the blast resistance genes of 544 rice materials

A total of 544 rice materials were assessed for blast resistance and resistance genes distribution by inoculation and screening of molecular markers tightly linked to 10 major resistance genes.Among the 544 materials,25,50,78,152,156 and 83 exhibited high resistance,resistance,moderate resistance,moderate susceptibility,susceptibility and high susceptibility,respectively.Ten resistance genes corresponding to markers were found in these materials;Two and three resistance genes were found in 4 and 17 materials (0.7% and 3.1%);Four to six resistance genes were found in 476 materials (87.5%);Seven resistance genes were found in 47 materials (8.6%).The resistance of all rice materials was significantly associated with resistance genes.Pi5,Pita,Pi9 and Pib exhibited high resistance to 6 physiological races.The majority of resistance genes were found in Longjing 968,Xiushui 134,Jia 58,Jindao 263,Huaidao 20,Yandao 10 and Gumei 4.Pyramiding different resistance genes in rice by marker-assisted selection was suggested as the most economical,effective,and environment friendly measure for controlling rice blast disease in this study.