新疆滴灌冬小麦灌溉量对产量形成与水分利用的影响

为优化新疆北疆滴灌冬麦区节水灌溉技术,探讨滴灌量对冬小麦产量形成及水分利用的影响,2013—2015年设置0(CK)、900(W1)、1 800(W2)、2 700(W3)、3 600(W4)、4 500(W5)、5 400(W6)、6 300m3/hm2(W7)共8个灌溉量处理,测定不同滴灌量下冬小麦叶面积指数、SPAD值、光合特性、干物质积累、产量及耗水特性的变化。结果表明:各处理冬小麦随生育进程递进LAI均呈现单峰型变化趋势,在孕穗期达到最大,其值以W5最高;叶片最高SPAD值出现时期随滴灌量增加而后延。叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及单茎干物质最大增长速率(Vm)均以W5处理最高。随着滴灌量的增加,冬小麦籽粒产量及水分利用效率(WUE)均呈"先升后降"的变化趋势,W5处理获得最高产量,而W4处理获得最大水分利用效率。因此,在本试验条件下,滴灌量为3 600~4 500m3/hm2的处理为高产高效的最适灌溉水平。

Effects of different drip irrigation amount on yield formation and water use of winter wheat in Xinjiang

To optimize the technology of drip irrigation,which is applied to winter wheat planted area in north Xinjiang,and investigate the effects of different drip irrigation amount on yield formation and water consumption characteristic of winter wheat,a field experiment with 8 different drip irrigation amounts including 0 (CK),900 (W1),1 800 (W2),2 700 (W3),3 600 (W4),4 500 (W5),5 400 (W6) and 6 300 m³/hm² (W7) was carried out in a randomized block design experimental from 2013 to 2015.The leaf area index (LAI),SPAD value,photosynthetic character,dry matter accumulation of per stem,yield and water consumption characteristic were recorded and analyzed from heading stage to maturity stage of winter wheat.The results showed that:LAI in all of treatments showed a trend of single peak,and reached the maximum at booting stage.With the value of 6.25,W5 was the highest among treatments;The peak of SPAD was delayed with the increasing of drip irrigation.The net photosynthetic rate (P_n),transpiration rate (T_r),stomatal conductance (G_s) of leaf and the maximum increase rate of each plant dry matter were all increased first and then decreased with the increasing of irrigation amount,and all of those were highest in W5.Yield and water use efficiency (WUE) also showed an increasing trend first and then decree singtrend with increasing of the irrigation volume.Yield was highest in W5 treatment,while the WUE was highest in W4.In conclusion,with appropriate irrigation amount,to obtain high production and efficiency,it is suggested that 3 600-4 500 m³/hm² for winter wheat planted in local conditions.