基于能值分析京郊蔬菜不同生产经营方式的生态经济可持续性评价

利用能值理论和经济投入、产出分析方法,对北京郊区农户常规种植、企业常规种植和企业有机种植3种大棚蔬菜的生态经济可持续性进行研究。结果表明:在能值评价方面,企业有机种植模式能值年总投入为6.81×10~(16)sej/hm~2,低于农户常规种植模式(1.19×10~(17)sej/hm~2)和企业常规种植模式(8.53×10~(16)sej/hm~2);能值投资率为44.20,分别是农户常规种植和企业常规种植模式的2.41和3.81;环境负载率为2.14,低于农户常规种植模式(3.76)与企业常规种植模式(6.29);可持续发展指数为0.48,高于农户常规种植模式的0.28和企业常规种植模式的0.19。在经济方面,企业有机种植模式的利润(1.45×10~6元/hm~2)高于农户常规种植模式(3.34×10~5元/hm~2)和企业常规种植模式(负利润)。综合能值与经济2个方面,企业有机种植模式是京郊大棚蔬菜的3种模式中生态经济可持续性最优的模式。

Sustainability evaluation of different production and management patterns of vegetables in Beijing suburbs based on emergy and economic analysis

By using emergy theory and economic analysis methods, the sustainability of ecological and economic of three kinds of production patterns of greenhouses vegetable in Beijing, including suburbs, farmers with conventional management(FC), enterprise with conventional management(EC)and enterprise with organic management(EO), were evaluated. The results showed as follows: 1)In terms of emergy evaluation, the annual total value of emergy input in EO pattern was 6. 81×10¹⁶ sej/hm², which was lower than FC(1. 19×10¹⁷ sej/hm²)and EC(8. 53×10¹⁶ sej/hm²); The emergy investment ratio of EO pattern was 44. 20, which was 2. 41 times and 3. 81 times of FC and EC patterns; The environment load ratio of EO was 2. 14, which was lower than FC(3. 76)and EC(6. 29)patterns; The emergy sustainable index of EO was 0. 48, which was higher than 0. 28 for FC and 0. 19 for EC. 2)In terms of economic aspect, the unit profit of EO(1. 45×10⁶ yuan/hm²)was much higher than FC(3. 34×10⁵ yuan/hm²)and EC(negative profit). In conclusion, based on the comprehensive evaluation of ecologic and economic consequences, the EO is more sustainable among three production and operation patterns of greenhouse vegetables in Beijing suburbs.