不同保水剂对土壤特性及烤烟生长的影响

为提高秦巴山区黄棕壤烟田的土壤性能,减少季节性干旱对烤烟生长的影响,以不施保水剂为对照,在烟田整地起垄前分别施入聚丙烯酸钾(K-PAM)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和腐殖酸钾(KHm)3种保水剂,测定施用不同保水剂后的土壤容重、土壤水分和烤烟生长状况、常规化学成分及经济性状。结果表明,聚丙烯酸钾和聚丙烯酰胺保水剂均降低0～40cm土层土壤容重,在烤烟旺长期提高0～40cm土层土壤水分。不同保水剂均可提高烤烟常规化学成分含量,其中腐殖酸钾保水剂显著降低烤烟的糖碱比和氮碱比。聚丙烯酸钾保水剂提高烤烟的产量、产值、上等烟比例及净增产值,而聚丙烯酰胺和腐殖酸钾保水剂处理组则降低烤烟的净增产值。因此,建议秦巴山区黄棕壤烟田选用聚丙烯酸钾类保水剂。

Effects of different super absorbent polymer on soil characteristics and flue-cured tobacco growth

In order to improve the soil characteristics of tobacco field with yellow brown soil in Qinba mountain area, and reduce the effect of seasonal drought on the growth of flue-cured tobacco, taking no super absorbent polymer as control, potassium polyacrylate(K-PAM), polyacrylamide(PAM)and potassium humate(KHm)super absorbent polymers respectively were applied before ridging, the effects of different super absorbent polymers on soil bulk density, soil moisture and the growth, conventional chemical composition, economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco were monitored. The results showed that K-PAM and PAM decreased soil bulk density in 0-40 cm soil layer, and increased soil moisture in 0-40 cm soil layer during tobacco flourishing growth stage. The content of conventional chemical components in flue-cured tobacco can be improved by different super absorbent polymers, among which KHm significantly reduced the ratio of sugar to nicotine and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine of the flue-cured tobacco. K-PAM increased the yields, output value, the proportion of superior tobacco and the net output value, while PAM and KHm decreased the net output value of flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, it is suggested that K-PAM should be used in the tobacco field with yellow brown soil in Qinba Mountain area.