高速公路沿线土地利用及生态系统服务价值变化研究

为分析高速公路沿线土地利用及生态系统服务价值的变化规律,确定高速公路对沿线土地的影响范围,以京承高速北京段沿线10km范围的1995、2004、2009年3期TM遥感影像提取的土地利用数据为基础,基于GIS分析各种土地利用类型面积变化的特点、规律和原因,并分析了与高速公路不同距离范围内土地利用程度与生态服务价值的变化规律。结果表明:1)从1995—2009年,京承高速沿线土地用地结构发生了较大的变化,各种用地类型之间的转换较为频繁,说明高速公路的修建对于沿线土地利用类型的影响剧烈,尤其沿线农业结构调整变化明显;2)高速公路沿线土地利用程度与高速公路的距离有较大关系,土地利用程度变化最剧烈的区域为3~8km,8km外,土地利用程度变化开始减小;3)1995—2009年,京承高速沿线生态服务价值先增加后减少,由于园地面积显著增加,京承高速沿线土地生态系统服务价值的总量变化相对平稳,距离高速公路1~3km的生态系统服务价值变化最剧烈,8km外,生态系统服务价值的变化逐渐平稳。

Land use and ecosystem service value change along expressway

Taking the land use of 10 km along Beijing section of Jingcheng expressway as the study area,the change and conversion of land use types in GIS based on the land use map of 1995,2004 and 2009 were investigated,the reason of the change of each land use types was explored and the ecosystem services value based on land use change in was also analyzed.The result showed that:Firstly,the conversion of land use types was frequent from 1995 to 2007,the construction of expressway had a dramatic influence to the land use types along expressway,and the adjustment of agricultural structure changed obviously;secondly,the ecosystem services value was stable from 1995 to 2009 and increased slightly.In 1995,the total value was 20.77×10⁸ Yuan,and decreased to 20.96×10⁸ Yuan in 2004 and 20.78×10⁸ Yuan in 2009.The reduction of cultivated land and the increase of construction land were the main reasons for the loss of the ecosystem services value.However due to the increase of garden plot,the total ecosystem services value remained stable from 1995 to 2009;thirdly,the most important ecological land use types along expressway was forest,the reduction of cultivated land was the most important reason for the loss of the total ecosystem services value,lastly,the influence distance of expressway on ecosystem service value was about 8 km.