快速城镇化地区土地利用动态变化的空间测算分析——以北京市顺义区为例

为深入探索城镇化空间推进的过程及其特征,利用顺义区1992、1999和2009年3期遥感土地利用/覆盖解译数据,采用土地利用动态度和土地利用变化空间分析模型,以及土地利用空间变化率指数,并运用900m×900m网格分析方法,对研究区土地利用空间动态变化和建设用地扩张进行定量、定位分析。研究发现:1)耕地在研究期间减少突出,减少幅度达24.26%,建设用地和林地增加幅度明显,分别上升了15.34%和11.37%;其他土地、水域和林地的动态度相对突出,分别为5.82%,4.16%和2.78%;林地在空间上新增和减少的规模变化最为明显,空间分析模型显示为20.52%;相对于整个研究区而言,耕地和建设用地的空间变化率突出,分别为1.98%和1.21%。2)网格分析显示,由城镇化推动的土地利用变化在1999—2009年间表现突出,在西南部区域呈现集中爆发态势。3)顺义区建设用地扩张呈现出由西南向中西部区域推进的空间特征,其城镇化进程带有明显的"摊大饼"式的特征。

Spatial analysis of land use dynamic changes in rapid urbanization area:A case study in Shunyi District of Beijing

For further study on the spatial expansion process and characteristics of urbanization,with the interpreted land use maps from TM imagery in 1992,1999,2009 of Shunyi District of Beijing,this paper analyzed the spatial dynamic changes of land use and expansion of construction land,which used the method of dynamic degree model,land use change spatial analysis model,spatial change rate model put forward in this paper,and grid analysis model with 900 m×900 m.The results showed that:1) During this period the urban construction land and woodland increased by 15.34% and 11.37% respectively,but the farmland decreased dramatically by 24.26%.The other land has relatively higher dynamic degree as well as water area and woodland were 5.82%,4.16% and 2.78%,and the converted part from farmland in all land types was most prominent.The woodland index value of spatial analysis model was 20.52% during the period of 1992-2009,where the amount of converted part and newly-increased part are the largest.Relative to the whole study area,the spatial change rate of farmland and urban construction land were 1.98% and 1.21% respectively;2) The grid analysis indicated that the land use change driven by the urbanization is obvious during1999-2009,which showed an outbreak of spatial expansion of urban construction land in the southwest region;3) There was an intense situation of space propulsion that urban construction land expanded from the southwest to the central region,and the Shunyi district urban spatial expansion exhibited "pancake" characteristic obviously;And 4) on the basis of the grid analysis model,we can easily identify the "hot spots" of land use change,and effectively learn the spatial distribution of areas with dramatic land use change,but the grid analysis model still need to be improved.These results can provide the reference for the optimization of land use spatial configuration in the process of future urbanization.