劳动力转移及其分化对农业生产效率的影响——以江汉平原水稻和棉花种植为例

基于劳动力转移模式分化以及不同农作物机械化程度存在差异的事实,将劳动力转移分为本地转移和异地转移,利用江汉平原农户调查数据和DEA-Tobit方法,实证检验不同模式劳动力转移对农户水稻和棉花生产技术效率的影响。结果表明:不同模式劳动力转移对农业生产技术效率的影响存在差异,且这种影响因作物不同而异。具体而言,本地转移和异地转移均对样本农户水稻生产技术效率产生了显著的正向作用;异地转移对样本农户棉花生产技术效率造成了显著的负向影响,而本地转移的正向影响不显著。提高农户耕地经营规模,提高生产机械化水平以及加强农业技术培训等均能有效提高农户的农业生产技术效率。

Impact of labor migration and its differentiation effect on the production efficiency of agriculture:A case study of rice and cotton planting in the Jianghan Plain

Labor migration is divided into local migration and long-distance migration based on its differences in labor migration and degrees of differentiation on the crop mechanization.To investigate the effects of different labor migration modes on rice and cotton technical efficiency and the discrepancies among these effects,DEA-Tobit method was used to analyze the survey data from farmers in Jianghan Plain.The results show that local and long-distance migration can cause different labor loss effects,which affects the varieties of crops planted.Therefore,discrepancies exist between the impacts of different labor migration modes and the impacts on different crops.Both local migration and long-distance migration have a significant positive effect on the technical efficiency of rice,of which long-distance migration has a more significant effect.However,long-distance migration results in a significant negative effect on the technical efficiency of cotton,while the positive influence of local migration was not significant.It is also found that the technical efficiency can be improved by enlarging farmers'' operation land scale,raising the mechanization level and enhancing agricultural skill training.