中国主粮生产中的农用物资投入效率评价研究

运用产出导向DEA模型,选取1990-2012年主粮生产中农用物资投入数据,对其投入效率进行评价。分析得出,23年的样本中主粮农资投入无效率的年份有16个,其中年投入效率值低于全部样本平均水平的年份有11个,且主要集中于1993-1998年和2005-2012年2个时间段。同时,无效率年份的规模效益均为递减,而综合技术效率多受规模效率较低拖累。这说明在当前资源配置和利用条件下,农资投入过大,产生了投入浪费。研究还显示主粮生产中农用物资投入呈现粗放式增长,多数年份存在资源配置不合理、规模效益不高、农资投入增长不协调等问题,其中农用物资要素之间的投入结构不协调问题相对突出。因此,适当放缓投入规模,将现有农资进行合理再分配对提升投入效率有所帮助。而长远来看,更需要对农资投入配置机制进行优化,积极调整生产要素的投入格局,把以农资投入规模增加带动主粮产量提升的粗放式增长模式转变为技术先进、资本密集、规模化的现代经营模式,才可持续有效提高农资投入效益,有助于主粮产量的进一步提高和增产潜力的提升。

Evaluation on Efficiency of Agricultural Material Inputs in Staple Food Production of China

The efficiency of agricultural material inputs in staple food production from 1990 to 2012 was evaluated by using output-DEA model. The analysis showed, in the whole twenty three years, there were sixteen years that agricultural material inputs had no efficiency, and there were eleven years that efficiency was lower than the average of all the samples, mainly concentrated in two periods, one was from 1993 to 1998, the other was from 2005 to 2012. And while the scale benefits during no efficiency years were diminishing, dragged the comprehensive technical efficiency. Which demonstrated that under the current resource allocation and use conditions, the excessive agricultural material inputs resulted in input waste, which also showed problems of the extensive increase of agricultural material inputs,irrational distribution of resources in most years, low scale benefit and uncoordinated inputs increase of agricultural materials in grain production. Among them, the uncoordi-nated input structure among various factors of agricultural production materials was prominent relatively. Accordingly, properly slowing down the investment scale and rational redistribution of the agricultural materials would be helpful for promoting the input efficiency. However in the long term, it should be more needed to optimize input allocation mechanism, actively adjust input structure, and transform the extensive growth mode into modern management mode, so the efficiency of agricultural ma-terial inputs can be improved continuously and effectively, which may help to further improve and enhance the growth poten-tial of staple food production.