酵母与鸡粪处理对不同作物秸秆矿质营养的影响

为了研究作物秸秆在腐熟过程中矿质营养的变化,拓展秸秆的应用领域,以玉米、大豆、水稻3种秸秆为材料,分别以腐熟风干的鸡粪和酵母为发酵物进行比较,按干物料与液体比为1∶5混合搅拌,其中秸秆与鸡粪的比例为4∶1,酵母与水的比例为1∶40,密闭发酵50 d,对矿质营养进行测定并分析。结果表明,玉米、大豆、水稻3种秸秆中,酵母处理后秸秆的铵态氮含量均显著高于鸡粪处理。在酵母发酵后,除了大豆秸秆的有效磷含量降低,其他5个处理的有效磷和有效钾含量均高于鸡粪处理的结果。经鸡粪处理的玉米秸秆pH呈碱性,其他处理pH均偏于中性,且各处理均具备了一定缓冲能力。各处理的电导率值均大于100 S/m,秸秆中可溶性盐含量较高。综合而言,在一定程度上加入酵母发酵的秸秆,矿质营养含量高于鸡粪处理,可进一步应用在秸秆还田、栽培基质等方面的研究中。

Effects of Yeast and Chicken Manure on Mineral Nutrition of Different Crops Straw

In order to study the changes of mineral nutrition of crop straw in composting process,and expand the application field of straw,three straws of corn,soybean,rice were chosen as materials,and compared by fermentation with maturity dried chicken manure and yeast.Dry material and liquid were mixed according to the ratio of 1∶5,of which the ratio of the straw and chicken manure was 4:1,and the ratio of yeast and water was 1∶40.All treatments were sealed fermentation for 50 days,and then the mineral nutrition was determined and analyzed.The results showed that in the three straws of corn,soybean,rice,ammonium nitrogen of yeast treated straws were significantly higher than that in chicken manure treatments.After the yeast fermentation,available phosphorus content in soybean straw was reduced,and available phosphorus and available potassium content of the other five treatments were higher than that in chicken manure treatments.After chicken manure treatment,the pH of corn straw was alkaline,the pH of the other five treatments was closed to neutral,and all treatments had certain buffer capacity.The conductivity value of each treatment was higher than 100 S/m,and the content of soluble salt in straws were higher.In general,in a certain extent,after adding yeast fermentation of straw,the contents of the mineral nutrition were higher than chicken manure.The results could be further applied in straw returning,culture medium and so on.