基因组编辑系统CRISPR-Cas9研究进展及其在猪研究中的应用

规律成簇的间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)及其相关的蛋白(Cas)原本是细菌抵御病毒的获得免疫系统,人们很快发现其应用潜力,即RNA引导的核酸酶Cas9对靶DNA进行基因组编辑:敲除、敲入、敲降。CRISPR-Cas9是继ZNF、TALENS技术之后的第三代基因组编辑技术,具有突变效率高、成本低、制作简单、能够诱导多位点同时突变等特点。除了基因工程功能外,CRISPR-Cas9系统还具有基因调控、基因组标记功能、大片段删除、全基因组扫描与编辑RNA等,且发展到CRISPR3.0,并继续开发其新应用。从2012年底开始,CRISPR的一系列创新性应用开启了整个基因组编辑研究的革命,成为生命科学领域的技术明星。文章对其最新进展进行了综述,并对其在猪中的应用及潜力进行了展望。

Progress of Genome Editing CRISPR-Cas9 and Its Applications in Swine

C1ustered regu1ar1y interspaced short pa1indromic repeats(CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) which were discovered and app1ied in genome editing were origina11y the acquired immune system of bacteria to resist the virus. CRISPR-Cas9 is the third generation of genome editing techno1ogy after ZNF and TALENS, and has the characteristics of high mutation efficiency, 1ow cost, simp1e manufacture, and can induce mu1tip1e mutations simu1taneous1y. In addition to genetic engineering functions, the CRISPR-Cas9 system a1so has the functions such as gene regu1ation, genomic marking, 1arge fragment de1etion, genome-wide scanning and RNA editing. It has been deve1oped into CRISPR3.0 and wi11 continue to deve1op new version. From the end of 2012, its series of innovative app1ications started the revo1ution of genome editing research, and became the techno1ogy star of 1ife sciences. In this paper the 1atest progress and prospects of the CRISPR-Cas9 system were summarized and focused on its app1ication and potentia1 in swine.