4个番红花品种引种湖南地区的物候期及生长特性观察

为了研究番红花的栽培技术,对从荷兰引进的4个番红花品种在湖南地区的物候期、观赏特性和生长状况进行了调查分析,调查结果表明,4个番红花品种的耐寒性较强,出苗期均在2月上中旬,叶片展开期多集中在2月16日─24日;自鳞茎出苗2~3叶丛,每丛有叶2~15片,叶片线性,无柄,多数植株长12~30cm,宽0.4~1.0cm。花朵现色期为3月初,第一朵花的开花期均在3月中上旬,各品种的开花持续时间为19~24d;单花顶生,花茎长度4.9~6.8cm,颜色艳丽,有香味。花瓣数6,倒卵圆形,4个品种颜色分别呈淡紫色、紫红色、白色及橙黄色,花冠直径2.5~4cm,花被长3~4.5cm,雄蕊直立,3枚,长1~2cm,花药黄色,顶端尖,略弯曲,雌蕊1枚,花柱3深裂,可伸到花瓣外部,柱头顶端略大,呈喇叭形,长3~4cm。4个品种均可以分生出籽球,其中,‘花仙子’、‘珍妮’、‘黄色精灵’的籽球分生能力较强,分生率均达60%以上,籽球直径较母球均有减小。因此认为,番红花可作为早春花卉在湖南地区种植。

Observation of Phenophase and Growth Characteristics on Different Crocus Varieties in Hunan Area

In this paper, the phenological phase, ornamental characteristics and growth status of 4 crocus varieties in Hunan area were investigated and analyzed. The results revealed that 4 crocus varieties had strong cold tolerance. The seedling stage was in the early of February, the leaf expansion period was more concentrated in the February 16th to 24th, 2 foliage was outgrew from each bulb, each bundle with leaf blade 2 ~15, those leaves were sessile and linear, most of them were 12 ~30 cm length, 0.4 ~1.0 cm width. The time of the flowers coloration was in early March. The first flower’s blossom period was in early March and each variety groups’ blossom time was 19~24, the 4 crocus species all had a specific aromatic odor. A single flower was growing on top of the plant, the length of the flowering stems was 4.9~6.8 cm, which has a bright color and a great ornamental property, they had 6 obovate-long petals, the amount of flora of all varieties was 1~2, the colors were purple, purple-red, white and orange-yellow, the diameter of most flora was 2.5~4 cm, 3~4.5 cm length, 3 Stamens, erect, 1~2 cm long. The color of the anthers was yellow, pointed top, slightly curved. 1 pistil, 3 styles, cracked greatly, 3~4 cm length, could extend to the outer of petals. The 4 cultivars could breed seed ball, in which, ‘Jeanne’,‘ yellow elves’ had the strongest ability of breeding seed ball, with the rate of more than 60%. The seed balls of 4 crocus species had much more little than mother balls. We could concluded that crocus could be cultivated as an early spring flower in Hunan area.