不同变种及种源紫苏种子油脂肪酸组成及含量比较

采用化学萃取和GC-MS法,对5个变种11个种源地的17个种质的紫苏种子样品开展了种子油含量及其脂肪酸组成和相对含量的比较和分析。GC-MS结果表明,紫苏油中共发现14种脂肪酸,按相对含量高低划分为6种高含量脂肪酸(＞0.8%)和8种低含量脂肪酸(≤0.2%);其中14-甲基-十六烷酸(C17∶0)、十八碳二烯酸(C18∶2n3)、二十三碳酸(C23∶0)3种低含量脂肪酸为首次在紫苏油脂中被报道;高含量脂肪酸中α-亚麻酸的相对含量最高,达51.92%~62.98%;α-亚麻酸、亚油酸与油酸之间存在一定代谢转化相关性。脂肪酸含量外标法计算结果表明,5个变种中白苏变种的含油率和α-亚麻酸含量较高,作为紫苏油生产原料具有一定优势。 

Composition and amounts of fatty acids in Perilla frutescens seed oils of different varieties and areas

We applied soxhlet extraction to obtain seed oil of 17 kinds of germplasm from 11 different areas of China, belonging to five varieties of the genus Perilla and then used GC-MS to analyze the amounts of oil as well as the composition and relative amounts of fatty acids. Fourteen fatty acids were indentified from P. frutescens seed oil. These were divided into two groups of six high level (0.8%) and eight low level (≤ 0.2%) amounts of fatty acids. For the first time 14-methyl-hexadecanoic acid (C17∶0), 18 carbon diene acid (C18∶2n3) and 23 carbon acid (C23∶0) were reported in P. frutescens oil. The relative amount of α-linolenic acid was the highest with a range of 51.92% to 62.98%. Certain metabolic conversion relationships were detected among α-linolenic, linoleic and oleic acids. The results calculated with an external standard method for the amount of fatty acids in P. frutescens seeds implies that P. frutescens var. frutescens, among the five varieties investigated, is preferable as the raw material for P. frutescens oil, given its high rate of oil rate and its amount of α-linolenic acid.