大熊猫适宜栖息地恢复指标研究

该文从地形因子、森林群落因子和主食竹因子3方面,建立了大熊猫栖息地退化与恢复的指标体系.地形因子指标主要包括海拔、坡度、坡向等;森林群落指标主要包括:林木高度、灌木高度、灌木株数、林木株数、灌木种类、云冷杉林木组成比例、灌木盖度和森林郁闭度.竹子密度、竹子基径、幼竹比例和竹子高度则是衡量主食竹质和量的主要指标.研究结果表明,四川省王朗自然保护区大熊猫栖息地恢复的标准是:生长在海拔2 600～3 000 m之间、坡度为25°～45°的西坡、西南坡和西北坡的中坡部位的森林.这种森林的林木高度<15 m,灌木高度<2 m,灌木株数> 5 000株/hm2,林木株数<300株/hm2,灌木种类>5种以上,云冷杉林木组成>50%以上,灌木盖度80%～100%,森林郁闭度<50%,竹子密度为 35～102株/m2,竹干基径>4.4 mm,幼竹比例>25%,竹子高度为1.8～2.8 m的森林环境.在此基础上,提出了保护、恢复和修复3种恢复大熊猫栖息地途径.

Indicators for giant panda's habitat degradation and restoration

The indicator system for describing the degradation of giant panda's habitat is developed, including three kinds of indicators as topography, forest community and feeding bamboo. The topographic indicators include altitude, slope grade, aspect etc. Height of trees and shrubs, density of trees and shrubs, shrub species, shrub coverage, tree composition and canopy are employed to evaluate the forest community. The quality of the feeding bamboo is assessed by the density and height of bamboo, bamboo trunk base diameter and the percentage of young bamboos. In brief, the standards for the restoration of the habitat of giant panda are as following: altitude between 2 600～3 000 m, slope grade between 25°～45°, tree height<15 m, shrub height<2 m, shrub density >5 000 individuals/hm 2, tree density<300 individuals/hm 2, number of shrub species> 5, percentage of Abies and Picea in forest composition>50%, shrub coverage between 80%～100%, canopy<50%, bamboo density between 35～102 individuals/m 2, bamboo base diameter>4 4mm, percentage of young bamboos in all bamboos>25%, bamboo height between 1 8～2 8 m.At the end, restoration, reallocation and rehabilitation as three approaches are proposed for the restoration of giant panda's habitats.