植物雌配子体发育的分子调控研究进展

近年来,以雌性不育突变体植株为材料,应用遗传学方法与分子生物学技术来研究雌配子体及胚珠发育的分子调控机制引起人们的重视,并取得了重要进展.该文从雌配子体发育、胚珠发育及珠被发育等几个方面综述了近年来植物雌配子体发育的分子调控机制研究进展.国际上大部分研究都以草本的模式植物或农作物为材料.通过化学诱变以及转座子和T-DNA插入等诱变方法,已经在拟南芥中鉴别出许多胚珠和胚囊发育异常的突变体,并初步获得了一些影响雌配子体发育的调控基因.由于木本植物的生长发育周期长而复杂,发育生物学方面的研究还停留在形态解剖学和生理生化水平上.国内最近几年以油松和文冠果的雌性不育突变体为材料,从分子调控水平开展了木本植物发育生物学的研究. 

Molecular mechanism of the regulation of female gametophyte development in plants

In recent years, using the female sterile mutants as materials, research in the molecular regulation of female gametophyte and ovule development through genetic analysis and molecular biological technology has attracted more attention. Studies on molecular regulation of female gametophyte development were reviewed in terms of female gametophyte and ovule and integument development. Most of studies use model herbaceous plants or crop as materials. A number of mutants with aberrant ovule and embryo sac have been isolated in Arabidopsis through chemical induction and T-DNA or transposon insertion, and some gene clones have been obtained. The studies of developmental biology of woody plants still remain at the morphological and physiobiochemical levels because of their long and complex growth periods. In China, study of developmental biology of woody plants is under way at a molecular level using fertility-associated variants of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge as materials.