快速城市化城市生态基础设施结构特征与调控机制

城市化及其所带来的生态影响成为全球化的重要问题,在发展中国家尤为突出.城市生态基础设施也深受影响,其景观结构和生态功能受到影响.该文目的是通过对城市生态设施景观结构特征与形成机制的分析,研究快速城市化背景下的城市生态基础设施调控方法,为城市生态建设提供理论依据.该文主要分析了以大城市为中心的快速城市化区域生态基础设施的空间破碎化、景观粒度、人工影响与景观不稳定性、系统生态服务功能格局和景观连通性等结构特征,并分析了快速城市化下城市生态基础设施景观结构特征的形成机制.结果显示快速城市化地区基础生态设施表现出高度破碎化、高度人工化和生态不稳定性、低生态服务功能、低景观连通度等特征,并从城市中心向郊区和城市化区域呈梯度差异分布.而区域自然环境资源分布特征、区域管理政策、交通系统和历史文化因素是影响快速城市化地区生态设施结构特征的主要因素.基于这些分析,进一步提出生态系统压力与承载力评估、生态适宜性评价、生态系统生态服务功能估量,以及景观格局与生态过程分析为基础的多尺度综合调控机制.运用景观生态学格局-过程-功能原理,综合研究城市化条件下的城市生态基础设施布局与生态学功能之间的关系及优化调整机制,为城市生态建设与城市规划提供科学理论依据.

Landscape structure features of urban ecological infrastructure under rapid urbanization and adjusting mechanism

Rapid urbanization and its effects are becoming the important global problems, especially in developing countries. Urban green infrastructure is affected deeply by landscape structure and function. This paper is objective to study the adjusting mechanism of urban green infrastructure under the background of rapid urbanization by analysing its basic laws, structure features and driving forces. This paper reviewed the concepts, research methods and experience about green infrastructure, the basic features of green infrastructure, and the driving forces of urban green infrastructure under rapid urbanization. The results show that high fragmentation, human-dominance, instability, low eco-services, and connections are the basic important features of urban green infrastructure, and these features are gradient different from urban centre to rural areas. The regional natural resource conditions, management policies, transportation systems, historical and cultural factors are the major driving forces. Based on these analyses, this paper suggested the assessment of mechanism, including assessment of ecosystem pressure, ecological appropriateness, ecological services, multi-criteria analysis of landscape patterns and ecological processes. In conclusion, the research on adjustment of urban green infrastructure can guide eco-city building with theory and strengthen urban eco-security.