全站仪测算材积的原理及精度分析

全站仪是一种电子精密测量型工具 ,自 2 0世纪 90年代中期后 ,美、英、德、日等国在林地面积测量、树高测量中初步使用全站仪 .该文首次采用全站仪测量树干上部直径及材积等测树参数 .以全站仪为测量工具 ,在林地中自动测量每 1棵树的树高 ,用直径测量数学模型自动测量树干胸径及任一处直径等参数 ,以及利用树干材积计算数学模型自动计算树干材积 .从其测量结果看 ,测量数据精度很高 .其测量树高的精度可达 1 14 0 0 ,测量任一处直径的精度可达 1 2 0 0 ,且均高于其它测树方法的精度 ,完全能够满足林业测量的精度要求 .由于全站仪的自动化程度很高 ,可与数据采集器实现数据的实时通讯 ,提高工作效率 .全站仪在测树中的应用 ,不仅提高了测树速度、精度和效率 ,更重要的是不用伐倒林木和爬树 ,不对林木有任何损害就可以自动、实时获取测树因子 ,它在林业测量有广泛的应用前景 .

Principle and precision evaluation of stem volume surveying by total station

Total station, an electronic precise geodesic instrument, has been used in surveying forest area and tree height from 1990s in many developed countries, such as U.S., U.K., Germany, Japan and so on. In this paper the authors give three models: the model of tree height, the model of diameter at breast\|height and the model of volume. By using the total station, the surveyors can determine a set of measurable factors, such as upper diameter, diameter at breast\|height and tree height, and then calculate the volume. By using the total station, the accuracy of tree height measurement can reach 1/1 400; that of volume measurement can reach 1/200. The advantage of using total station is capturing data very fast and without cutting and climbing trees or doing any harm to the trees.