水分缓释在柠条复合型包衣种子中的研究

飞播包衣种子技术是沙区植被恢复与重建的重要手段,但目前该技术存在一个亟需解决的问题,即飞播种子的成活率低。本文以沙生先锋植物柠条种子为材料,利用正交试验设置不同包衣材料组合,再通过研究不同组分的包衣种子发芽率、苗质量以及包衣种子的多项物理指标,确立了适合柠条种子的丸化包衣剂最佳配方,即乙基纤维素1.5%、凹凸棒黏土和滑石粉的比例为2∶1和10%的“旱可舒”保水剂,并且最终的丸化倍率为1.0。该丸化包衣种子具有一定的吸水功能,在丸化包衣的基础上,再筛选出“尤特奇 (Eudragit) RS 30D”为成膜材料,制成厚度为10%的包衣薄膜,该薄膜可以有效“控制”柠条种子在不适合成苗的降雨量下的萌发,同时不影响在丰富降雨量条件下正常萌发与成苗。毛乌素沙漠实地播种试验结果表明,经过丸化包衣处理的柠条种子,其成苗率提高了22%;对丸化包衣处理的柠条种子,再经过外敷薄膜包衣处理后,其成苗率提高了88%,明显高于丸化包衣处理的种子。这种复合型的丸化薄膜包衣种子可为毛乌素沙区的飞播治沙提供新的思路。 

Water release in composite coating of Caragana korshinskii seeds.

Aerial-seeding afforestation, as a quick, effective measure, has become an important approach for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in hinterland of Mu Us Sandy Land of northern China. However, the low survival rate of seedlings is a problem that needs to be resolved urgently. We selected Caragana korshinskii as the material, and set different combinations of coating agents by orthogonal experiment to pellet Caragana korshinskii seeds. After analysis of the germination rate, seedling growth, and the physical properties of each group, the optimum formula was obtained as 1. 5% ethyecellulose, ratio of attapulgite clay to talc 2:1, 10% super absorbent polymers, and the pelleting ratio 1. And the pelleted seeds had water-absorbing ability. After pelleting, eudragit, screened out as the film-forming agent, was coated outside of pelleted seeds as 10% thick film. The film was efficient and could be dissociative at the appropriate soil moisture content. Field planting experiment in Mu Us Sandy Land showed that the seedling rate was improved significantly by 22% after pelleting the Caragana korshinskii seeds with super-absorbing polymers. And the result was much better when coating the pelleted seeds with our film material. Therefore, this complex of film-coated seeds can provide new ideas for aerial seeding in Mu Us Sandy Land.