菏泽和洛阳芍药品种资源表型多样性研究

目的芍药是我国优良的传统花卉，有丰富的品种资源。菏泽和洛阳是我国芍药的主要栽培地，品种资源最为丰富，但目前两地的品种表型多样性研究较少，不利于种质资源的保护、开发与利用。方法本文选取山东菏泽和河南洛阳栽培的芍药240种，利用28个表型性状，采用主成分分析、因子分析和聚类分析方法进行多样性研究。结果芍药数量性状和质量性状的遗传多样性指数范围分别为1.98~2.10和0.28~1.94，绝大多数性状的多样性水平较高。提取前10个主成分，并将因子荷载矩阵经Varimax方差最大正交旋转后，得到影响芍药表型的10个主要因子，依次为高度、花色数、侧蕾及长势、花型、瓣化、叶型及花径、花期、茎色、小叶卷度和花蕾；聚类分析结果显示240个品种被分为6大组群，前4大组群分别包括69个、67个、16个和84个品种。第5组群和第6组群分别仅有1个和3个品种，推测这4个品种与其余236个品种的来源不同。结论本研究明确了菏泽、洛阳两地的240个芍药品种的表型多样性特点与亲缘关系，今后在芍药新品种培育选育亲本时，应着重考虑株高、花枝长、花色数、植株长势、花型、雄蕊瓣化情况及颜色等因素，同时注意选取聚类图中间隔距离较远的品种。 

Phenotype diversity of herbaceous peony variety resources in Heze,Shandong of eastern China and Luoyang,Henan of central China

Objective ] Paeonia lactiflora is an excellent Chinese traditional flower with rich variety resources. Heze of Shandong Province, eastern China and Luoyang of Henan Province, central China are main cultivation regions with abundant cultivars in China, but lacking genetic diversity report based on the phenotypic traits. This is not conducive to the protection, development and utilization of germplasm resources. Method] In this paper, the genetic diversity of 240 herbaceous peony cultivars from Heze and Luoyang was analyzed based on 28 phenotype traits using principal component analysis, factor analysis and cluster. Result] The results showed that the genetic diversity index of quantitative and quality traits were 1. 98-2. 10 and 0. 28-1. 94, and the genetic diversity of majority traits was high. The 10 main components were extracted, then the factor load matrix was processed using the maximum orthogonal rotation by Varimax. The 10 main factors affecting their phenotype were obtained, including height, flower color quantity, lateral bud and growth vigor , flower type, petalody, leaf type and flower diameter, flower season, stem color, leaflet curly and flower bud. The 240 varieties were divided into six groups by cluster analysis. The first to fourth groups included 69, 67, 16 and 84 cultivars, respectively. The fifth and sixth groups only had one and three varieties, respectively, suggesting that those four cultivars were different sources from the other 236 varieties. Conclusion ] This study clarified the phenotypic diversity characteristics and relationship of 240 varieties from Heze and Luoyang. In the future breeding, plant height, flower branch length, flower color number, plant growth vigor, flower pattern and petalization of parents should be paid more attention. At the same time, the parents should be far away each other in the affinity clustering diagram.