半仿生法提取细叶小檗总生物碱及抑菌性研究

目的本文通过对细叶小檗果实中生物碱的研究，为细叶小檗的有效合理利用提供参考。方法本实验以细叶小檗总生物碱提取量和抑菌圈直径为考察指标，用10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%的乙醇作为溶剂提取细叶小檗中的总生物碱，得出27%乙醇为较好的提取溶剂。以27%乙醇为提取溶剂，进行液料比、温度和超声时间的单因素试验。在单因素试验基础上，采用Plackett-Burman设计、最速上升试验以及中心复合实验响应面设计建立数学模型。结果实验结果表明，最佳提取条件为:乙醇含量27%(V/V)、液料比32mL/g、温度52℃、超声功率800W，提取液的pH值为2.2时，对应提取时间为50min；提取液的pH值为7.6时，对应提取时间为25min；提取液的pH值为8.5时，对应提取时间为25min。在此条件下，细叶小檗中总生物碱的提取量为(16.24±0.54)mg/g，比单一超声波辅助法的提取量提高了1.31倍；抑菌圈直径为(91.21±0.37)mm。结论采用超声波辅助半仿生法比单一采用超声波法对细叶小檗中总生物碱的提取效果更好，提取量提高了1.31倍；抑菌效果提高了1.07倍。相比较国内目前对于小檗属植物小檗碱的平均提取量(16.6±0.6)mg/g相接近，在抑菌活性上有明显提高。 

Using the method of semi-bionic to extract total alkaloids from Berberis poiretii and to study the antibacterial property

ObjectiveThe alkaloids in Berberis poiretii were studied in this paper, and the aim is to provided references for the effective utilization of B. poiretii.MethodUsing the extraction yield of total alkaloids and the diameter of bacteriostatic circle as indicators of investigation, total alkaloids were extracted from Berberis poiretii with 10%-70% ethanol. The results showed that the optimal yield of total alkaloids was with 27% ethanol. Three single factor experiments were designed for ratio of liquid to solid, extraction temperature and extraction time. Based on the single factor experiment analysis, the mathematical model was established by Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent test and response surface design of central composite test.ResultThe results showed that the optimum extracting conditions were: 27%(V/V)ethanol concentration, 52℃, solvent-to-solid ratio of 32mL/g, ultrasonic power 800W; the extraction time was 50min when the pH value of the extract was 2.2; the extraction time was 25min when the pH value of the extract was 7.6; the extraction time was 25min when the pH value of the extract was 8.5. Under the above conditions, the extraction amount of total alkaloids in Berberis poiretii was 16.24±0.54mg/g, which was increased by 1.31 times compared with the single ultrasonic assisted method, and the diameter of its bacteriostatic circle was 91.21±0.37mm.ConclusionIt is concluded that the semi-bionic method assisted by ultrasonic is better than the single ultrasonic method in the extraction of total alkaloids from Berberis poiretii. The extraction amount was increased by 1.31 times and the bacteriostatic effect was increased by 1.07 times. The extraction amount of berberine under the above conditions is closed to the average extraction amount 16.6±0.6mg/g and the antibacterial effect is improved evidently.