小流域综合治理的国内外进展综述与思考

小流域综合治理是一项复杂而艰巨的任务，需综合考虑经济、社会、生态、环境等诸多因素。结合我国目前的小流域治理思路、综合规划及治理要求，本文梳理了国内外小流域综合治理的发展过程，阐述了部分发达国家(美国、欧洲、日本)和发展中国家(印度、尼泊尔、非洲)小流域治理的思路、技术及模式等，分析了小流域综合治理的特点以及主要经验、存在和需要进一步解决的问题，提出了在新时期我国小流域综合治理的一些思考和展望:在当前的小流域综合治理中应注重与经济、政治、文化、社会建设的紧密结合；针对不同区域的生态经济特征，治理需遵循因地制宜、适度治理的原则；应适应社会经济的发展，不断调整综合治理的对象、内容和措施。 

A review and thinking of comprehensive management of small watershed at home and abroad

Small watershed management is a sophisticated and arduous mission, it is important to take into overall consideration of economy, society, ecology, environment and other elements. Based on the present management theory, management planning and management requirement of small watershed management in China, this paper has given a detailed introduction to the development process of small watershed management at home and abroad and mainly elaborated the idea, technology and pattern of small watershed management in some developed countries ( United States, Europe, Japan ) and developing countries (India, Nepal, Africa), analyzed the characteristics and key experiences; on the other hand, some questions are raised, so the author gave the outlook and thinking of the current small watershed management: we should attach great importance to combine economic, political cultural and social construction with watershed management; for the ecological and economic characteristics of different regions, we should follow the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions and suitable administration;it should be adapted to the development of social economy and has to constantly adjust the objectives and measures of comprehensive watershed treatment.