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利用无人机高分辨率影像进行树木高度提取
引用本文:杨坤,赵艳玲,张建勇,陈超,赵鹏鹏.利用无人机高分辨率影像进行树木高度提取[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(8):17-23.
作者姓名:杨坤  赵艳玲  张建勇  陈超  赵鹏鹏
作者单位:中国矿业大学(北京)土地复垦与生态重建研究所
摘    要:无人机遥感技术在树木参数获取中具有重要作用。为探讨利用无人机高分辨率影像提取树高的可行性,本文选择邱集煤矿矿区森林公园为研究区,采用Pix4D软件对无人机采集的高分辨率影像进行处理,生成研究区正射影像和三维点云;利用最大类间方差法将三维点云分割为树木点云及树下地面点云两部分,由此提取树木顶端高度和地面平均高度,并将地面平均高度视为树木根部的高度,得到树木高度。研究表明:最大类间方差法能够准确分割树木点云和地面点云;利用无人机高分辨率影像进行树高提取是可行的,树木高度测量绝对误差小于80cm、相对误差绝对值最大为16.2%、标准误差为36.3cm;同时,树冠的形状会对树高测量造成影响,阔卵形树冠的法国梧桐和圆锥形树冠的圆柏高度标准误差分别为29.2和50.9cm,两者树高测量值与真实值决定系数分别为0.9920和0.8894,阔卵形树冠的法国梧桐测高精度明显高于圆锥形树冠的圆柏测高精度。 

关 键 词:无人机    高分辨率影像    三维点云    树高提取
收稿时间:2016-12-29

Tree height extraction using high-resolution imagery acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV )
YANG Kun,ZHAO Yan-ling,ZHANG Jian-yong,CHEN Chao,ZHAO Peng-peng.Tree height extraction using high-resolution imagery acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV )[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39(8):17-23.
Authors:YANG Kun  ZHAO Yan-ling  ZHANG Jian-yong  CHEN Chao  ZHAO Peng-peng
Institution:Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Reconstruction, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
Abstract:Unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV ) remote sensing technology plays an important role in the acquisition of tree parameters. In order to explore the feasibility of using high-resolution imagery of UAV to extract tree height, the Qiuji Coal Mine Forest Park of Shandong Province of eastern China was selected as the study area in this paper, the Pix4D software was used to process high-resolution imagery collected by UAV to generate the orthomosaic and 3D point cloud. The OTSU method was used to divide the 3D point cloud into two parts:the tree point cloud and the ground point cloud, then the top height of tree and the mean height of the ground were extracted according to the two parts of the point cloud. And the tree height was computed when the average ground height was taken as the height of tree root. The results showed that the tree point cloud and the ground point cloud could be accurately divided by OTSU method. And it was feasible that high resolution UAV imagery was used to extract the tree height, the absolute error of tree height was less than 80 cm, the relative error was 16. 2%, and the mean square error (RMSE) was 36. 3 cm. At the same time, the measurement of tree height was affected by the shape of crown. The height RMSE of Platanus acerifolia with broadly ovate crown was 29. 2 cm, the height RMSE of Sabina chinensis with conical crown was 50. 9 cm, the coefficient of determination R2 of the measured height and the real height of the two kinds of trees were respectively 0. 9920 and 0. 8894, the accuracy of measured height of the Platanus acerifolia was significantly higher than that of the Sabina chinensis.
Keywords:unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV )  high-resolution imagery  3 D point cloud  tree height extraction
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