森林生态系统管理的研究进展

该文对森林生态系统管理这一新兴科学的起源、定义、特征、内涵做了简要介绍,同时对森林生态系统管理中的五个热点研究领域进行了综述和简评.①关于森林生态系统健康,讨论了不同角度对生态系统健康的定义和不同层次上的生态系统健康的内容及评价生态系统健康的困难所在;②关于森林生物多样性,探讨了森林结构复杂性与生物多样性的关系,老龄林结构对森林生态系统的意义和作用,以及如何通过经营调整结构促进生物多样性;③关于森林经营的景观规划,描述了进行景观规划的途径、理论和模型,并对三种概念模型进行了介绍;④关于森林经营的替代技术体系,介绍了模拟自然干扰设计替代技术体系的原理,分析了替代经营技术体系产生的原因和有关最新技术研究进展;⑤关于森林生态系统服务,讨论了生态系统服务的基本内容和评价在森林生态系统管理中的重要意义.该文指出,生态系统管理科学正处于迅速发展时期,表现出多学科、多尺度、适应性机制等超越传统学科的时代特征.

Review of researches in forest ecosystem management

On the basis of large amount of references, this paper makes a brief introduction of the origin, definition, characters and contents of forest ecosystem management. Meanwhile, five hot points are discussed including ecosystem health, biodiversity enhancement, landscape planning, alternative silvicultural systems and ecosystem service assessment. On the ecosystem health, definitions from utilization and ecosystem views are introduced, the contents and difficulties in assessing it are discussed. On the biodiversity enhancement, the relationship between forest structural complexity and forest biodiversity are discussed, the significance of old growth structure are highlighted, and measures of changing forest structure to promote forest biodiversity are put forward. On the landscape planning in forest management, some patterns, theoretical foundations and models are introduced, especially three conceptual models, i.e., key habitat\|corridors model, nature landscape model, and supportive features model. On the alternative silvicultural systems, reasons for developing alternative silvicultural system by mimic of nature disturbance are discussed, and some advanced techniques and their ecological basis are noted. Finally, on the ecosystem service, its contents and importance of assessment are illustrated. In summary, the paper makes a sketch of the newly emerging ecosystem management science which is different from traditional forestry with many new characteristics, such as muti\|principles, broader scale, adaptive approach and so on.